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Tujin Shi et al. report a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, cPRISM-SRM, that allows for accurate quantification of proteins in small numbers of mammalian cells through the use of a carrier protein to prevent sample loss. The sensitivity of cPRISM-SRM allows for measurement of the 2500 most abundant proteins in a human cell.
Diabetic atherosclerosis fails to improve even when the blood glucose level returns to normal. Shahzad et al. show that this hyperglycaemic memory is linked with epigenetically sustained expression of the redox-regulator p66Shc in plaque-macrophages, which can be corrected by activated protein C.
Aliza Ehrlich et al. report the fine-mapping of orphan GPCR (oGPCR) transcripts in the mouse brain using in situ hybridization and provide a public resource for data mining. The authors also mapped 25 selected oGPCRs in human brains, identifying oGPCRs with high correlation between species and potential roles in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Sébastien Dubuis et al. investigated a dynamic metabolic adaptation of five ovarian cancer cells to an anti-cancer drug dichloroacetate. This study finds an unexpected role of coenzyme A metabolism in mediating the toxicity of dichloroacetate, illustrating the power of metabolic drug profiling.
Jemilat Salami et al. develop a proteolysis targeting chimera ARCC-4, which inhibits prostate tumor cell proliferation via degradation of the androgen receptor. They show in cells that ARCC-4 is more effective than the prostate cancer drug enzalutamide and can degrade androgen receptor variants resistant to enzalutamide.
Tanja Sagadin et al. show that different redox systems can be used to tune the rate selectivity and yield of progesterone conversion by the cytochrome P450 CYP106A2. They screen 11 redox partner combinations and identify specific combinations that may be used to improve biotechnological production of mono- and polyhydroxylated products.
Takashi Murayama et al. report the molecular basis of calcium binding to ryanodine receptors, a process essential for muscle contraction. They find that a tryptophan residue in the caffeine binding site controls the structure of the calcium binding site, affecting calcium sensitivity.
Ekaterina Osmekhina et al. report a microfluidic device that allows complete control over growth and communication via quorum sensing between bacterial populations separated by a thin nano-cellulose filter. This enables the functionalization of multicellular populations, a strategy that could be used to construct complex genetic regulatory mechanisms
Ikuo Ogiwara et al. find that nonsense mutations in the gene coding for the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.2, SCN2A, cause absence-like seizures in mice. They also find that Nav1.2 haplodeficiency in excitatory, but not in inhibitory, neurons contributes to epileptogenesis.
Pérard et al. report the structure of Francisella tularensis Fur (FtFur) with its physiological cofactor Fe2+, and show that FtFur is important for virulence. This study identifies a promoter-driven tetramer splitting mechanism that may provide insight into future antibiotics development.
Huanle Liu et al. report draft genomes of two Symbiodinium species, one from the most dominant type of symbionts in reef-building corals. They find evidence of positive selection in genes related to stress response, meiosis and other traits required for forming successful symbiotic relationships.
Priyanka Chaurasia et al. report crystal structures of the SpaD backbone pilin from a gut-adapted bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The observed bent conformation of the N-terminal domain has not been seen in other Gram-positive pilin structures.
Lawrence Reeves et al. report evidence that adult females of the mosquito species Uranotaenia sapphirina feed primarily on annelid hosts. This is the first known example of a mosquito species that specializes on invertebrate blood and suggests that mosquito host use patterns are more diverse than previously recognized.
Taro Maeda et al. report a high degree of sequence polymorphism and lack of tandem repeat structure in the ribosomal DNA of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. This study puts forward an adaptation strategy that uses diverse translation systems to generate phenotypic plasticity.
Caroline Palmer proposes the concept of coral holobiont damage thresholds to stimulate research into coral health and immunity as tropical reefs are increasingly threatened by climate change. This framework may be used to develop targeted approaches to coral reef restoration, management and conservation.
Dijun Chen et al. present HTPmod, a Shiny web application for modeling and visualization of large-scale genomic and phenomic datasets. The authors show that HTPmod can quickly reproduce analyses of high-throughput biological datasets and produce publication-quality figures.
David Colatriano et al. analyze Chloroflexi metagenomic assemblies sampled from the Arctic Ocean to determine whether these bacteria have the ability to degrade terrestrial-derived organic matter. They identify six near-complete genomes and find that they contain genes involved in aromatic compound degradation.
Peter Kennedy et al. report on the successful tracking of Asian hornets, an invasive species in Europe that threatens bee populations. Their method enabled them to track individual hornets over long distances and follow them to locate five previously undiscovered nests in France and the Channel Islands.
Pezhman Mohammadi et al. report the design of spidroin-inspired engineered proteins that separate from solution into coacervates with distinct properties depending on protein or salt concentration. These coacervates serve as intermediate assembly steps for self-fusing, adhesive fibers with useful biomechanical properties.
Techniques for characterizing the mode of action of antibiotic resistance are crucial for developing new antimicrobial drugs. Arno Germond et al. have used Raman spectroscopy combined with gene expression to investigate large metabolic changes that occur when bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance.