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Sk. Kayum Alam et al. show that DARPP-32 isoforms, mediators of dopamine signaling, promote lung tumor growth through non-canonical NF-κB signaling. This study suggests a possibility of using DARPP-32 isoforms as a prognostic marker for lung cancer.
Elizabeth Egan and colleagues demonstrate that host ATP binding cassette transporter ABCB6, which encodes the Langereis blood group antigen, promotes erythrocyte invasion by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This study suggests that asymptomatic Langereis null individuals may be better protected from malaria.
Annamaria Mocciaro et al. present LACIS, a method for identifying and selecting gene-edited clones using a microfluidic device. The authors apply LACIS to primary T cells after CRISPR-Cas9 editing of CXCR4 and show that selection of edited clones was possible within 10 days from initiation of gene editing.
Lisa Lindström et al. find that the gamma-tubulin cellular network is required to maintain mitochondrial function and organization in the cell. Knockdown of gamma-tubulin or loss of its GTPase domain disrupts the mitochondrial network and alters respiratory capacity and expression of mitochondrial genes.
Thibault Viennet and colleagues gain structural insight into amyloid fibril formation from their innovative use of lipid bilayer nanodiscs. This study connects α-Synuclein membrane binding modes to its aggregation properties, furthering our understanding of the cause of neurodegerative diseases.
Emma Clifton et al. report a genome-wide association study of risk taking propensity amongst UK Biobank participants. They identify 26 loci, 24 of which are novel, and use Mendelian randomisation analysis to explore the relationship between risk-taking propensity and BMI.
Kazuma Hase et al. use microphones mounted directly on bats flying in groups to understand how they avoid confusing the echolocation signals of multiple individuals. They find that bats manipulate the terminal frequencies of their signal pulses to decrease the similarity in pulses between individuals.
Ke Zheng and colleagues repurposed a nickase Cas9-cytidine deaminase fusion protein to effectively direct the conversion of cytosine to thymine on bacterial genome. This study suggests that CRISPR/Cas9-guided base-editing can be used to generate viable mutant bacterial strains.
Stuart Ainsworth and colleagues characterized the coagulopathic activity of snake venom and demonstrated that certain monospecific antivenoms can neutralize procoagulant venoms from more than one species. This study suggests a possibility of developing broad-spectrum, toxin-targeting antivenoms to treat snakebite victims.
Johannes Cairns et al. show that spatial structure and predation shape the ways in which a low concentration of antibiotics alters the composition and diversity of bacterial community. This study suggests that ecological factors influence how antibiotic resistance spreads.
Tomochika Fujisawa et al. report transcriptome sequencing and demographic history analysis of periodical cicadas from three species groups within the genus Magicicada. They find evidence of gene flow between 13- and 17-year species despite the long-term maintenance of divergent life cycles, which may be controlled by unidentified genomic factors.
Takumi Tashima and colleagues provide structural insights into how collagen fibrils are shaped by Osteomodulin. Osteomodulin keeps a fast-binding equilibrium with the collagen fibrils to slow down its growth, promoting the formation of uniform, intact collagen fibrils.
Xaver Koenig et al. demonstrate the physiological activation of store-operated calcium entry in muscle, pointing to a role for this mechanism. The resulting influx of calcium into the cytoplasm is shaped by action potential frequency and calcium pump activity.
Karol Cichewicz and Jay Hirsh developed a free, open-source, cloud-based application called ShinyR-DAM for analyzing Drosophila activity, sleep and circadian rhythms. ShinyR-DAM allows users to analyze their data quickly in customizable ways, improving the productivity of researchers.
Erwin Gowree et al. use wind tunnel experiments with life-sized models of the Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) to investigate the aerodynamic basis for the bird’s complex aerobatics. They found that a vortex dominated flow enables the bird to perform high-speed maneouvres with minimal drag.
Fabien Pifferi et al. report survival and age-related brain atrophy data in grey mouse lemurs fed either a normal diet or a diet restricted in calories by 30%. They find that caloric restriction extended life span by 50% and decelerated brain white matter atrophy, but accelerated the loss of grey matter, in most of the cerebrum.
Johannes Thoma et al. overexpress outer membrane proteins (Omps) in Escherichia coli and collect the expelled outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to study Omp assembly, folding and structure. They find that Omps in OMVs show different unfolding pathways compared to Omps reconstituted in artificial lipid membranes.
Ingrid Schmid and colleagues identified and evaluated the physiological degradation of chemical modification sites of trastuzumab. This study suggests that in vitro PBS incubation studies can be used to predict the protein degradation sites in vivo for critical quality attribute assessment.
HoangDinh Huynh and Yihong Wan investigate the role of the mTORC1 pathway during osteoclastogenesis and find that the cytokine RANKL inactivates mTORC1 via calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation, leading to activation of NFATc1 by reducing its phosphorylation. These findings have implications for bone diseases and mTORC1/NFATc1 signaling.