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Shuai Shao, Xiaoling Liao et al. present a new FRET biosensor for measuring the spatio-temporal activation of RhoGDIα upon binding Rho GTPases. They find that dissociation of the RhoGDIα-Rho GTPase complex is increased by shear stress and varies with subcellular location.
Yohei Hayashi et al. present a method for high-speed adherent cell sectioning and purification, along with a label-free and automatic cell processing system. They show that this method is able to section human induced pluripotent stem cells without losing pluripotency and viability.
Joseph Brown et al. use oligothioetheramides (oligo TEAs) to show that multimeric lipid aggregation in Staphylococcus aureus mimetic membranes correlates with the biological activity of oligoTEAs. These results may explain why antimicrobial peptides with identical cationic charge and hydrophobicity show different biological activity.
Simone Rampelli, Kathrin Guenther, and their colleagues discover correlations between pre-obese children’s low-diverse, dysbiotic microbiome configurations and their unhealthy diets. This study suggests that diet interventions may promote healthy adulthood by modulating the intestinal microbiota.
Marcelo D. T. Torres et al. turn toxic wasp-derived antimicrobial peptide polybia-CP into a viable antimicrobial with therapeutic activity in a mouse model. This study demonstrates that a physicochemical property-guided rational design strategy can be used to generate peptide antibiotics.
Hongmin Yun et al. show that implanted human stem cells can accurately home to and repair damaged trabecular meshwork tissue in the mouse eye via a chemokine axis defined by CXCR4 and SDF1. The study suggests that stem cells from the trabecular meshwork could be used to refunctionalize the outflow pathway as a treatment for glaucoma.
Ariel Hecht et al. have developed a minimum information standard for use in biotechnology. They show the most important factors in maintaining reproducibility in handling engineered organisms under different experimental conditions.
Vishal Kapoor et al. identify a population of cells in the lateral prefrontal cortex that exhibits task phase-related activity during a no-report task. This cell population is functionally segregated from the population encoding conscious perception, although the two operate in parallel.
Marco Bürger and Joanne Chory discuss the structural requirements for enzymes carrying out deacetylation reactions for various functions across phyla. They explore how these enzymes have adapted to and achieved specificity on a large number of target molecules.
Laura Arrigoni et al. present RELACS, a method enabling high-throughput ChIP-seq which involves barcoding and processing intact nuclei in the same ChIP reaction. The method is useful for broad cell types and epitopes, robust to experimental conditions, and drastically decreases workload.
Gauthier Carnat et al. report the first measurements of the natural sulfur isotopic composition of sea ice from the Antarctic. They find considerable variability between seasons and sea ice horizons, suggesting unique cycling of sulfur metabolites by sea ice microalgae in extreme environments, with important implications for the production of gasses that impact global climate.
Ben-Nissan et al. present a rapid mass-spectrometry method for characterizing recombinant proteins directly from culture media. They test their method on secreted recombinant proteins from yeast, insect, and human cells, revealing solubility, molecular weight, structure, ligand binding and post-translational modifications.
Christine Lansche, Anil Dasanna et al. investigate the dynamic cytoadhesion behavior of erythrocytes infected with malaria parasite using quantitative flow chamber experiments and computer simulations. They find that parasitized erythrocytes have altered adhesion dynamics, mainly due to differences in cell shape, knob density and membrane bending.
Christine Schaner Tooley is an Assistant Professor at the University of Buffalo, where she studies the role of N-terminal methylation on human development and disease. In this installment of our Q&A series with early-career researchers, Christine tells us about her journey from not wanting an academic career to running her own lab, where the field is headed, and her favorite post-translational modification.
Wu et al. introduce RollFISH, a method that enables quantification of single-molecule RNA with high specificity and sensitivity by combining smFISH with rolling circle amplification. RollFISH facilitated studying heterogeneity of biomarkers in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue, demonstrating its clinical application.
Hamed Alborzinia et al. show that Golgi-dispersing compounds trigger iron-dependent oxidative degradation of lipids, inducing a non-apoptotic cell death called ferroptosis. This study provides insight into the role of Golgi apparatus for preventing ferroptotic cell death through its cellular redox control.
Veronica Estrada et al. use implantable microconnectors in rats to promote recovery of complete spinal cord injury. They show that the device leads to re-formation of tissue, vascularization and motor axon regeneration resulting in improvement of locomotor behavior lasting at least 5 months.
Hang-Hyun Jo et al. derive a mathematical framework for analyzing circadian clock waveforms. Using data from plants and animals, they find that waveforms of clock protein profiles provide important information about the biochemical mechanisms of circadian timekeeping.
Julius Nitsche et al. demonstrate that binding of two calmodulin molecules displaces the regulatory domain of the plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase ACA8 to fully activate this Ca2+ pump by relieving the autoinhibition. This work provides structural evidence for the previously proposed bimodular activation mechanism.
Genki Kawamura et al. demonstrate that cells are protected against UV stress through cooperative interactions among circadian clock, heat shock response, and a tumor suppression mechanism. This study reports another protective role of circadian clock as an adaptation strategy against cellular stress.