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Alexandra Murschhauser et al. present a high-throughput microscopy method for the analysis of single-cell longitudinal data using fluorescent markers. They apply the method to cancer cell lines exposed to cytotoxic nanoparticles and find that 58 nm PS-NH2 nanoparticles induce a lysosomal pathway and, at high doses, lead to cell death via a mitochondrial pathway.
Tomoyuki Murano et al. showed that neural hyperexcitation increases the expression of immaturity related genes. These changes in gene expression are shared among different neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions, hinting at their potential role as biomarkers.
Michal Olszewski et al. demonstrate the collaboration of Cdc48 and the 26S proteasome in degrading ubiquitinated, well-folded proteins that lack unstructured segments. This study suggests that Cdc48 creates flexible initiation regions in compact substrates for their proteasome-mediated degradation.
Akihisa Shinozawa, Ryoko Otake et al. report on an ancient subclass of the SNF1-related protein kinase 2 family involved in ABA signaling, which protect moss from drought stress. They propose that this signaling module evolved in early land plants to regulate dehydration-response.
Billing et al. clarify mechanisms ensuring reliable cytokine signaling despite variable expression and activation of signaling proteins in cells. Limited activation of signaling proteins either by feedback inhibition or low cytokine doses, and STAT3 serine phosphorylation timely orchestrate robustness and capacity of IL-6-induced signaling.
Ming-Tsung Chung et al. report a method for estimating field metabolic rate (FMR) in teleost fishes using the isotopic composition of carbon found in inner ear structures called otoliths. They show that their method can provide accurate estimates of FMR for free-ranging wild fishes and allows for tracking FMR of individual fish over time.
Fujisawa, Ichinose, and Dobata used simulated robot swarms to study the evolution of pheromone-guided foraging and traffic rules. Interestingly, they showed that in most cases traffic rules evolved before the foraging traits suggesting an important role for regulatory mechanisms in guiding core evolutionary adaptations.
Sahar Mozaffari et al. conduct a parent of origin genome-wide association study in a large Hutterite pedigree to determine parent-of-origin effects on 21 phenotypes. They identify effects on 11 phenotypes (including single parent and opposite parental effects), most of which are associated with cardiovascular disease.
Yoshinori Abe et al. find that the Hedgehog (HH) signalling effector GLI1 is methylated by and associates with the MEP50/PRMT5 methyltransferase complex upon HH activation. They find that this complex plays a key role in positive feedback regulation of HH signalling in cancer.
Marcus Gallagher-Jones et al. use 4DSTEM to reconstruct real-space maps of single peptide nanocrystals at cryogenic temperature. They identify regions of crystal order/disorder providing new insights into crystal mosaicity.
Alexander Gross et al. present ProbRules, a dynamic modeling approach that combines probabilities and logical rules to represent network dynamics over multiple scales. They apply ProbRules to a Wnt network, predicting gene expression readouts that they confirm with wet-lab experiments.
Tao et al. showed that stigmasterol-induced cardiac fibrosis rather than cholesterol-driven atherosclerosis determines the pathological outcomes in a preclinical model of phytosterolemia. These findings suggest that elevated concentration of phytosterols represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Yi Shen et al. report two classes of genetically encoded fluorescent potassium indicators, based on FRET (KIRIN1 and KIRIN1-GR) or single-wavelength fluorescence change (GINKO1). These K+ indicators enable imaging of intracellular K+ dynamics in live cells with a multiplexing potential.
Giovanni Quinones-Valdez et al. examined the role of over 200 RNA-binding proteins in mediating A-to-I RNA editing. They identified several RNA-binding proteins that regulate ADAR1 expression, interaction, or binding with Alu elements in a cell type-specific manner.
Akiko Okita et al. demonstrate that heterochromatin suppresses gross chromosomal rearrangements by repressing Tfs1/TFIIS-dependent transcription of repetitive sequences. This study underscores the role of heterochromatin for maintaining chromosome stability.
Huang et al. show in Drosophila that amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity is mediated by increased insulin signaling. A competition between insulin-like peptides and Aβ for the activity of insulin-degrading enzyme may explain why many Alzheimer’s disease patients also suffer from diabetes.
Julia Baaske et al. present an optogenetically-regulated membrane receptor-ligand pair that enables light-inducible and light-reversible cell-matrix interaction and controlled activation of downstream mechanosensory signalling pathways. They show that optogenetics can be used to control receptor activation using light.
Jeremy Adler et al. simulate simple diffusion on non-flat, including cell, surfaces and introduce the shortest within surface distance. They show that ignoring topography understates the diffusion rate and can cause simple diffusion to appear as anomalous diffusion, a remedy is proposed.
Hirofumi Nishizumi et al. examined dendrite connections in olfactory bulb mitral cells of mice with perturbed glomerular formation. Their findings support the model that mitral cells connect primary dendrites to neighboring glomeruli.