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Keith Sabin et al. showed that upregulation of the AP-1 complex, composed of c-Fos and JunB, in the axolotl spinal cord promotes a pro-regenerative glial cell response. This response is impaired by inhibition of miR-200a; suggesting an important role for this microRNA in axolotl spinal cord regeneration.
Hulda R. Jonsdottir et al. examine the effects of non-volatile particulate matter from an aircraft turbine to cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells. They find that short-term exposures to exhaust particles cause cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and immune infiltration, highlighting the need for further study into the effects of jet fuel-derived pollution.
Arvind Subbaraj et al. present the ryegrass metabolome, derived from 715 genotypes representing 118 populations of Lolium perenne from 21 countries. They analyze fructan diversity, identify high- and low-sugar groups, and explore biochemical modules and pathways that discriminate the phenotypes.
Bastián-Eugenio et al. showed that calcium entering the cell via TRPV1, but not P2X4 channels, can induce calcium-dependent inactivation of Orai1. This inactivation impacts thrombin-induced cell migration and wound healing suggesting an important role of Orai1 modulation by TRPV1 channels.
Subhayan Chattopadhyay et al. conduct genome-wide interaction studies to identify genetic susceptibility to multiple myeloma. They find 16 unique interacting loci, which implicate immune response in multiple myeloma pathology.
Bastian Oldenkott et al. show that single moss pentatricopeptide repeat proteins with a DYW domain are sufficient to drive efficient C-to-U RNA editing in Escherichia coli. They demonstrate that the E.coli system is an easy to manipulate platform for future studies on RNA target recognition and C-to-U RNA editing.
Nagahiro Ochiai et al. report that osteoclasts, but not bone marrow macrophages, secrete a serine protease HtrA1 that can degrade osteoprotegerin in the bone microenvironment. Their results suggest HtrA1 recognizes the three-dimensional structure of osteoprotegerin and may function to prepare the microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis.
Emilie, Giraud et al. show that high-dose, low-quality transmitters act as super-spreading parasite vectors, inflate Leishmania transmission potential by six-fold. This study highlights the role of Leishmania promastigote dose heterogeneity as an underlying strategy for efficient parasite transmission.
Francesco Del Carratore et al. present an unsupervised statistical method to detect bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters. They confirm many known modules and identify a large collection of new modules, which may prove useful in the biosynthesis of high-value compounds.
Wang and Tang et al. show that two-species microbial consortium is more efficient in hydrogen production and starch utilization, compared to pure cultures. This work underscores a utility of synthetic microbial consortia, which can be optimized for increasing production of a certain metabolite.
Mathew Seymour discusses the current status of using environmental DNA derived directly from natural environments to study biodiversity, and its applications in conservation and ecological research. In his Comment, he explores how eDNA as a technology can foster multi-disciplinary collaboration.
Dr. Alexander Wyatt is a Senior Research Scientist at the Vancouver Prostate Centre and Assistant Professor at the University of British Columbia. His research uses genomics and bioinformatics to understand lethal prostate and bladder cancer and identify potential new targets for therapy. In this latest instalment of our series highlighting early-career researchers in biology, Dr. Wyatt tells us about research interests and career and about the challenges of the demanding research faculty workload. We’re sure many of our readers will appreciate Dr. Wyatt’s advice on the importance of learning to say “no”.
Chao Qin, Bing Yang et al. show that organochlorinated pesticides as environmentally persistent organic contaminants enhance the degradation of extracellular DNA by making it more accessible to DNase I. This study provides insight into the persistence of DNA in contaminated environments.
Hernandez et al. show the effectiveness of 90Y for targeted radionucleotide therapy of T-cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). This study suggests that delivering radiation to all NHL disease sites elicits minimal toxicity and induces a memory T-cell response, inviting combination therapies with immune activating agents.
Yasuhiko Yamamoto et al. show that oxytocin is transported into the brain by the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) on the blood-brain barrier. This study explains how circulating oxytocin crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is important to manifest oxytocin’s maternal bonding effects.
Daichi Shigemizu et al. developed a risk prediction model using potential miRNA biomarkers of different dementias identified by a supervised principal component analysis logistic regression method. Their models achieved high accuracy when tested on a validation cohort and demonstrate the potential application of miRNA-based risk prediction models.
Nhan Phan et al. present a high-throughput approach to screen tumor organoids by seeding cells in mini-rings. They apply their method to cell lines and patient-derived tumor organoids representing four different cancers, and identified personalized responses for each organoid within a clinically relevant timeline.
Michael Schönrock et al. created a functional chimeric channel composed of the pore domain of the potassium channel, KcvATCV-1, and the glutamate binding domain of the mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor, GluA1. This chimera recognized glutamate as a ligand while displaying the potassium selectivity of KcvATCV-1; highlighting the modular design of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Lin Wang et al. present a new super-resolution modality using a super-hemispherical immersion lens. They achieve a 12 nm spatial resolution in cells under cryogenic conditions, which offers the technical means to study bacterial and mammalian cell samples at molecule localisation length-scales.