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Quantum simulation of gauge theories: steps and strides

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The development of quantum simulation is expected to provide unique capabilities for exploring the complex emergent phenomena and dynamics governed by the fundamental strong and electroweak interactions of nature. In particular, quantum-enhanced computational architectures will capture the rapid growth of configuration spaces commonly arising at non-trivial points in the phase diagrams of interacting quantum many-body systems or in scattering events with large final state multiplicities. In the language of gauge quantum field theories, driven by advances in the experimental control and manipulation of quantum systems, significant progress in this vision has been established in recent years -- from theoretical asymptotic efficiencies, to first implementations on quantum hardware, to improved algorithmic design inspired by quantum correlations.

This focus collection captures a slice of current progress and perspectives -- deepening the understanding of gauge theory quantum simulation, broadly defined, and driving the community toward large-scale quantum simulations of gauge theories. Beyond the scale of dimensionality, the aim includes precisions and parameter regimes capable of contributing to subatomic experimental programs, to quantum error correction design, or to understanding the quantum information processing structure embedded in our physical description of nature.

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Left: Experimental chamber in which Rubidium atoms are cooled to form a Bose-Einstein condensate, then loaded into a lattice to realize gauge theory quantum simulations. Right: schematic of a two-dimensional gauge theory in which matter moves dynamically with gauge field configurations that satisfy Gauss’s law.

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