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We are delighted to present in this collection twelve of Molecular Psychiatry's highest-impact articles from 2022, selected by Editor-in-Chief Julio Licinio. It was particularly challenging to make this selection among an abundance of great articles. The papers included in this collection demonstrate why Molecular Psychiatry rapidly rose to a leading position among the top journals in psychiatry. These papers cover a breath of topics, including the generation of human A9 dopaminergic pacemakers from induced pluripotent stem cells, the effects of superolateral medial forebrain bundle deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression, an analysis of the age at onset of mental disorders worldwide, molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of ketamine and its variants, human brain subregional contributions to fear learning and fear extinction, the role of gut microbiota composition in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, synaptic transmission dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex, the blood-brain barrier in aging, and highly interesting work related to SARS-CoV-2 – on topics such as the effects of fluvoxamine on COVID-19, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 hospital mortality in patients with schizophrenia, and the worrisome finding that human hippocampal progenitor cell neurogenesis is disrupted upon exposure to serum samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. These superb articles offer our readers a sample of our journal in 2022 – please enjoy them.
Current models of human fear learning processes emphasize a primary contribution of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to fear inhibition (i.e., fear extinction). Here, we discuss crucial findings from recent brain imaging studies that highlight the role of vmPFC and its subregions in how fear is acquired (i.e., fear conditioning).