Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Comment
  • Published:

Irrigation modelling needs better epistemology

Modelling of irrigation water withdrawals aims for accurate and relatively objective estimates, but three epistemological obstacles (models’ elusive tie to reality, model plurality and indeterminacy of the target system) make this premise unattainable. However, if used to explore possibilities within the known and unknown, irrigation models can overcome these problems to inform action.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Puy, A., Lankford, B., Meier, J., van der Kooij, S. & Saltelli, A. Large variations in global irrigation withdrawals caused by uncertain irrigation efficiencies. Environ. Res. Lett. 17, 044014 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Duhem, P. The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory 4th edn (Atheneum, New York, 1981).

  3. Liu, X. et al. Comparison of 16 models for reference crop evapotranspiration against weighing lysimeter measurement. Agric. Water Manag. 184, 145–155 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Puy, A. et al. The delusive accuracy of global irrigation water withdrawal estimates. Nat. Commun. 13, 3183 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bhakthavatsalam, S. & Cartwright, N. What’s so special about empirical adequacy? Eur. J. Philos. Sci. 7, 445–465 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lankford, B. & Beale, T. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium theories of sustainable water resources management: Dynamic river basin and irrigation behaviour in Tanzania. Glob. Environ. Change 17, 168–180 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Cartwright, N. How the Laws of Physics Lie (Oxford University Press, 1983).

  8. Elgin, C. Models as felicitous falsehoods. Principia 26, 7–23 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Massimi, M. Perspectival Realism (Oxford University Press, 2022).

  10. Saltelli, A. & Di Fiore, M. The Politics of Modelling (Oxford University Press, 2023).

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank J. Larsen for insights on crop evapotranspiration processes. All errors and misinterpretations are our own. This work was funded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee (EP/Y02463X/1).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arnald Puy.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Puy, A., Massimi, M., Lankford, B. et al. Irrigation modelling needs better epistemology. Nat Rev Earth Environ 4, 427–428 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00459-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00459-0

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing Anthropocene

Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Anthropocene newsletter — what matters in anthropocene research, free to your inbox weekly.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing: Anthropocene