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  • Perspective
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Analogue simulations of quantum gravity with fluids

Nature Reviews Physics volume 5, pages 612–622 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Technological advances in controlling and manipulating fluids have enabled the experimental realization of acoustic analogues of gravitational black holes. A flowing fluid provides an effective curved spacetime on which sound waves can propagate, allowing the simulation of gravitational geometries and related phenomena. The past decade has witnessed various hydrodynamic experiments testing disparate aspects of black-hole physics culminating with experimental evidence of Hawking radiation and Penrose superradiance. In this Perspective article, we discuss the potential use of analogue hydrodynamic systems beyond classical general relativity towards the exploration of quantum gravitational effects. These include possible insights into the information-loss paradox, black-hole physics with Planck-scale quantum corrections, emergent gravity scenarios and the regularization of curvature singularities. We aim at bridging the gap between the non-overlapping communities of experimentalists working with classical and quantum fluids and quantum-gravity theorists, by illustrating the opportunities made possible by the latest experimental and theoretical developments in these areas.

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Fig. 1: Illustration of backreaction of the phonon.
Fig. 2: Schematic of the self-steepening of a density wave.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank M. Ciszak, P. Hoodbhoy, B.S. Kay, R. Norte, K.A. Peacock, D.J. Smith, T.S. Tsun and W.G. Unruh for valuable comments on the manuscript. The authors also thank S. Bahamonde for sharing many ideas on the information paradox and holography in analogue gravity and G. Roati for fruitful discussions on BECs experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Science, University of York, York, UK

    Samuel L. Braunstein

  2. Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia — Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada

    Mir Faizal

  3. Canadian Quantum Research Center, Vernon, British Columbia, Canada

    Mir Faizal

  4. The Origins Project Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Lawrence M. Krauss

  5. CNR-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

    Francesco Marino

  6. INFN, Sezione di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, FIorence, Italy

    Francesco Marino

  7. Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

    Naveed A. Shah

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  1. Samuel L. Braunstein
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  2. Mir Faizal
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  3. Lawrence M. Krauss
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The authors contributed equally to all aspects of the article.

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Correspondence to Francesco Marino.

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Nature Reviews Physics thanks Uwe Fischer, Etera Livine and Germain Rousseaux for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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Braunstein, S.L., Faizal, M., Krauss, L.M. et al. Analogue simulations of quantum gravity with fluids. Nat Rev Phys 5, 612–622 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-023-00630-y

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