Abstract
A novel red-emitting phosphor NaY9(SiO4)6O2:Sm3+ (NYS:Sm3+) was synthesized and the X-ray diffraction and high-resolution TEM testified that the NYS compound belongs to the apatite structure which crystallized in a hexagonal unit cell with space group P63/m. The novel phosphor boasts of such three advantageous properties as perfect compatible match with the commercial UV chips, 73.2% quantum efficiency and 90.9% thermal stability at 150 °C. Details are as follows. NYS:Sm3+ phosphor showed obvious absorption in the UV regions centered at 407 nm, which can be perfectly compatible with the commercial UV chips. The property investigations showed that NYS:Sm3+ phosphor emitted reddish emission with CIE coordination of (0.563, 0.417). The optimum quenching concentration of Sm3+ in NYS phosphor was about 10%mol, and the corresponding concentration quenching mechanism was verified to be the electric dipole–dipole interaction. Upon excitation at 407 nm, the composition-optimized NYS:0.10Sm3+ exhibited a high quantum efficiency of 73.2%, and its luminescence intensity at 150 °C decreased simply to 90.9% of the initial value at room temperature. All of the results indicated that NYS:Sm3+ is a promising candidate as a reddish-emitting UV convertible phosphor for application in white light emitting diodes (w-LEDs).
Similar content being viewed by others
Introduction
In the past decades, solid-state lighting technology has become commercially available with the advent of high performance w-LEDs, which represents a rapid evolution of new lighting systems designed to deliver improved illumination as well as new lighting features such as being environmentally friendly, offering long lifetime, enhancing energy-saving, and producing high luminous efficiency1,2,3,4,5. Presently, the commercial phosphor-converted w-LEDs use yellow-emitting (YAG:Ce3+) phosphor coated on a blue In-doped GaN chip or couple three red-, blue- and green-, (RGB tricolor) phosphors with near-ultraviolent (n-UV) chips6,7,8. However, this method faces problems of low color rendering index (CRI) and a high correlated color temperature (CCT) due to the deficiency of sufficient red spectral component. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative red or reddish phosphors which can be effectively excited in the UV range with excellent chemical stability9,10,11,12,13.
Selection of suitable host material is also an important factor for the preparation of luminescent materials for different applications. Compounds with oxy-apatite structure have been intensively studied owing to their excellent chemical and physical stabilities14,15,16,17. It is well known that oxy-apatite structure belongs to the hexagonal symmetrical system (space group of P63/m) with a general chemical formula as A10[MO4]6O2, in which A is a cation (Na+, Ca2+, Y3+, La3+, etc.), while MO4 is an anionic group (PO4, SiO4, GeO4, etc.)18,19,20,21. As an important class of apatite-type silicate compounds, NaY9(SiO4)6O2 is isostructural with natural oxyapatite, which consists of two cationic sites: one is in a distorted 3-fold capped trigonal prism (4 f sites with C 3 point symmetry), which is partially occupied by Y3+ (the site occupancy of 75%)−Na+ (the site occupancy of 25%) and nine oxygen ions, and the other is in a distorted pentagonal bipyramid (6 h sites with C s point symmetry) coordinated with Y3+ and seven oxygen ions respectively. In 1982,Gunawardane first synthesized the apatite structure compound NaY9(SiO4)6O2, led its chemical composition and detailed crystal structure22. Later, Redhammer’s group found that the crystal structure of NaY9(SiO4)6O2 compound showed no symmetry change between room temperature and 100 K, and that the alterations in structural parameters were small23. Recently, apatite-type silicate compounds activated by rare earth have drawn great attention owing to their excellent luminescent characteristics24,25,26,27,28. You’s team reported the color-tunable phosphors of Ce3+/Tb3+/Eu3+/Mn2+ co-doped NaY9(SiO4)6O2 29.
However, to our best knowledge, the luminescence properties of Sm3+ in NYS host have not yet been reported. As a member of efficient red-emitting trivalent rare earth ions, samarium (Sm3+) ions with sharp 4f-4f emission peak have been receiving intense research interests, widely used in luminescence materials because of their unique luminescent properties. Customarily, Sm3+ ions generate three dominant emissions located in reddish-emitting regions, which correspond to 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 5/2 4, G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 and 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 9/2 transitions respectively. However, the absorption efficiency of Sm3+ is low in the n-UV region where the 4f-4f electric dipole transitions are absolutely forbidden. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an excellent phosphor with good quantum efficiency to decrease the effect of the poor absorption efficiency.
In view that the effective ionic radii of Sm3+ ions is the closest to that of Y3+ ions, it may serve as an activator for reddish-emitting luminescence materials when Sm3+ ions are doped into the NYS matrix. Consequently, we demonstrate a red-emitting phosphor NYS:Sm3+ with apatite structure pumped for UV-light emitting diodes via a traditional solid-state method. Accordingly, the crystal structure of the NYS has been investigated. In addition, the concentration quenching as well as lifetime of Sm3+ in NYS phosphor was investigated. The excellent luminescence quantum efficiency and thermal stability indicate that as-prepared NYS:Sm3+ phosphor can act as a red UV convertible phosphor for w-LEDs.
Experimental Section
The NYS:xSm3+ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.50) phosphors were prepared by a high temperature solid-state technique. The stoichiometric amounts of raw materials Na2CO3, SiO2 with analytic grade purity and Y2O3 (99.99%), Sm2O3 (99.99%) were weighed and mixed by grinding in an agate mortar; to compensate for loss of Na source at high temperature, a slight excess of Na2CO3 (5%wt beyond stoichiometry) was necessary, and the homogeneous mixture was transferred to an alumina crucible and annealed at 1400 °C for 4 h. The final products were cooled to room temperature and were reground for further measurements.
The structure of the final products was identified by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis (XD-3, PGENERAL, China) in the 2θ range of 10° to 70°, with graphite monochromatized Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) operating at 40 kV and 40 mA. The measurements of photoluminescence emission (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra were performed by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-4600, HITACHI, Japan) with a photomultiplier tube operating at 400 V, and a 150 W Xe lamp used as the excitation lamp. The room-temperature luminescence decay curves were obtained from a spectrofluorometer (Horiba, JobinYvon TBXPS) using a tunable pulse laser radiation as the excitation. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses were checked by a JEOL JEM-2010 microscope with an accelerated voltage of 200 kV. The elemental analysis was carried out by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) using an X-ray detector attached to the TEM instrument. The internal quantum efficiency was measured using the integrated sphere on the FLS920 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd, UK), and a Xe900 lamp was used as an excitation source and white BaSO4 powder as a reference to measure the absorption. The signals were detected by a Hamamatsu R928P photomultiplier tube. The temperature-dependence luminescence properties were measured on the same spectrophotometer, which was combined with a self-made heating attachment and a computer-controlled electric furnace.
Results and Discussion
Figure 1(a) shows the XRD profiles of as-prepared NYS:xSm3+(x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25) samples, and Fig. 1(b) shows the enlarged spectrum profile in the range of 31.9 to 33.8°. It can be found that the sample spectra could be well indexed as pure crystalline NaY9(SiO4)6O2 phase (JCPDS no: 35–0404), which belongs to the hexagonal structure with the space group P63/m, indicating that the introduction of Sm3+ ion into the NaY9(SiO4)6O2 lattice does not cause any significant change to the crystal structure of the host. Based on the effective ionic radii and charge balance of cations with different coordination numbers (CN), the activators Sm3+ ions are expected to occupy the Y3+ sites randomly in the NYS host, because the effective ionic radii of Sm3+ (r = 1.02 Å for CN = 7 and r = 1.132 Å for CN = 9) is the closest to that of Y3+ ions (r = 0.96 Å for CN = 7 and r = 1.075 Å for CN = 9)30. In addition, according to the enlarged profile, we can find that the diffraction peaks shift to a larger angle with x increasing, indicating the increase of the cell volume with the substitution of Sm for Y ions. This phenomenon also indicates that the doped Sm3+ are successfully incorporated in the host at Y3+ sites.
Figure 2 shows the observed (solid line), the calculated (red circles), and different (bottom) XRD profiles for the Rietveld refinement of NaY9(SiO4)6O2 with λ = 1.5406 Å by TOPAS program. Almost all peaks were indexed by hexagonal cell with parameters close to Cd2Nd8(SiO4)6O2 (apatite-type structure)30. Therefore crystal structure of Cd2Nd8(SiO4)6O2 was taken as starting model for Rietveld refinement. Sites of Cd/Nd ions were occupied by Na/Y ions and the occupation of sites was refined with assumption that their sum in each site equal to 1. Refinement was stable giving low R-factors (Table 1, Fig. 2).
As mentioned previously, NYS belongs to apatite-type compound. In this compound, the Na(1)/Y(1) site is coordinated with nine O atoms: three O(1), three O(2) and three O(3), forming a Na/YO9-polyhedron with six short and three long Na/Y–O bonds, while the Y(2) site is coordinated by six oxygen atoms (O(1), O(2), four O(3), and one O(4) forming an irregular YO7-polyhedron. The Si atoms randomly occupy on the 6 h site in the form of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. The Na/YO9-polyhedron and YO7-polyhedron are connected by tetrahedral SiO4 groups and through sharing planes, edges and vertices29.
The fine local structures of NYS:Sm3+ were further examined by HRTEM. And Fig. 3 showed the five results of the examination taken from the selected micro-particle at the edge: (a) TEM image; (b) the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) image; (c) the fast Fourier transform (FFTs) image; (d) HRTEM image; (e) the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum. It is found that the lattice fringes with a d spacing of 0.523 nm could be assigned to (011) plane. The d (011) enlarged (d (301) of 0.518 nm for NaY9(SiO4)6O2 compound)22 slightly due to the increase of the cell volume with the substitution of Sm for Y ions31. The SAED pattern of the as-prepared particle illustrates many diffraction spots in circles, indicating that the NYS:Sm3+ phosphor exhibits a highly crystalline nature with corresponding (011) reflections, which can be indexed to the hexagonal structure of NaY9(SiO4)6O2. In addition, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to analyze the chemical composition of NYS:Sm3+ phosphor through which local information regarding concentration of various elements could be deduced. It confirmed the existence of the elements Na, Y, Si, O and Sm, with atomic ratios of 2.09:17.6:11.56:27.53:0.16, which was consistent with the result determined ratios of the starting materials.
The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra and PL spectra of NYS:xSm3+ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50) under different monitoring wavelengths are demonstrated in Fig. 4a. It can be seen that the PLE spectrum of NYS:0.10Sm3+ monitored by 603 nm presents some observable band features ranging from 300 to 500 nm, which is in consistent with that monitored at 566 and 650 nm except for the tiny difference in the relative intensity. It is obvious that these sharp excitation peaks are located in the wavelength region of 300–500 nm appearing at 326, 345, 364, 378, 388, 407, 420, 441, 465, and 478 nm, which could be assigned to transitions from the 6H5/2 ground state to the excited states of Sm3+4, P1/2 4, H9/2 4, D3/2 4, D1/2 4, G11/2 4, F7/2 4, M19/2 4, G9/2 4, I13/2, and 4M15/2 levels, respectively32,33. In addition, the intense features absorption band at 300–500 nm suggests that this phosphor can be effectively excited by the UV LED chip. Under the excitation of 407 nm, the characteristic emission consists of three bands corresponding to the transitions from the 4G5/2 excited state to the 6H5/2 (566 nm), 6H7/2 (603 nm), and 6H9/2 (650 nm), respectively. Furthermore, the PL spectra of NYS:xSm3+ (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50) and the dependence of the integrated emission intensities on the concentration of Sm3+ ion under the excitation of 407 nm are also demonstrated in Fig. 4a,b. It is obvious that the emission intensity of Sm3+ ion first increases and reaches a maximum at x = 0.10, and then the emission intensity decreases as a result of concentration quenching effect. The concentration quenching may be induced by cross relaxation processes due to proximity in Sm3+ ions. With increasing the Sm3+ ions doping concentration, there is more possibility of enhancing the energy transfer within Sm3+ ions beyond the optimal doping concentration through non-radiative process34. If we consider energy transfer between two identical centers, the critical distance (Rc) is defined as the distance for which the probability of energy transfer equals the probability of radiative emission of Sm3+, as pointed out by Blasse35. The average separation R c can be estimated according to the following equation36,37,38:
where V is the volume of the unit cell, x c is the critical concentration, and N is the number of available sites for the dopant in the unit cell. In our host of NYS, N equals to 1, and V is estimated to be 508.98 Å3, and the critical doping content x c = 0.10. According the Equation (1), the critical distance was determined to be about 21.34 Å. It is of little possibility for energy transfer through the exchange interaction mechanism with longer distance. Thus, the electric multipolar interaction will take place for energy transfer between two Sm3+ ions. In order to further describe internal concentration quenching effect, interaction between sensitizers or between a sensitizer and an activator can be expressed by the following equation39,40,41:
where x is the activator concentration which is higher than the critical concentration, I/x is the emission intensity (I) per activator concentration (x), K and β are constants for the same excitation condition, and θ is an indication of electric multipolar character, θ = 6, 8, 10 for dipole-dipole (d-d), dipole-quadrupole (d–q), or quadrupole-quadrupole (q–q), respectively42. The insert of Fig. 4b shows the fitting lines of log(I/x) vs log(x) in NYS:xSm3+ phosphors at 603 nm beyond the quenching concentration. It is clear that the fitting curves of lg(I/x) vs lg(x) can be well matched as linear dependence. The slope of the straight line was determined to be −2.115. Herein, the value of θ can be calculated as 6.345, which is close to 6 consistent with the quenching results arising from dipole-dipole interactions in the NYS:xSm3+ phosphor.
The decay curve of Sm3+ emission for NYS:xSm3+ (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50) excited at 407 nm was measured as shown in Fig. 5. It can be found that all of the decay curve can be fitted successfully, based on a typical second-order exponential decay equation as follows43:
where I is the luminescence intensity at time t and I 0 are the luminescence intensity initially, A 1 and A 2 are constants,τ 1 and τ 2 are the lifetimes for the exponential components. Furthermore, the effective lifetime constant (τ *) can be calculated as:
The average decay times (τ *) were calculated to be 1.69, 1.53, 1.47, 1.22, 1.03, 0.78 and 0.64 ms for NYS:xSm3+ with x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50, respectively. An obvious phenomenon is obtained that the decay time begins to decrease gradually with Sm3+ concentration increasing. Considering the distance between Sm3+-Sm3+ ions decreases in pace with increasing Sm3+ doped concentrations, the probability of energy transfer to luminescent killer sites increased, thereby the lifetimes of Sm3+ ions are shortened due to favorable non-radiative energy transfer processes as Sm3+ concentration increases, which is similar to some previous results discussed in other systems44,45,46.
In order to further investigate the possible practical application in high power w-LEDs of the NYS:Sm3+ phosphor, the temperature dependent emission spectra of NYS:0.10Sm3+phosphor ranging from 25 to 300 °C monitored by 407 nm is shown in Fig. 6a. It depicts that the position and shape of the emission spectra do not change with increasing temperatures. While the temperature increases, the intensity of the emission spectrum decreases. As given in the inset of Fig. 6b, when the temperature turns up to 150 °C, the emission intensity is 90.9 percent of that at 25 °C, which indicates this phosphor has excellent thermal stability for potential application in w-LEDs. In order to understand the temperature dependence behavior better, an Arrhenius fitting of the emission intensity of NYS:0.10Sm3+ phosphor and the calculated activation energy (ΔE) for thermal quenching were carried out and the results were given in Fig. 6b. The activation energy (ΔE) can be expressed by Equation (5)26,47:
where I 0 is the initial emission intensity of the phosphor at room temperature, I T is the emission intensity at different temperatures, c is a constant, ΔE is the activation energy for thermal quenching, and k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10−23 J/K). As shown in the inset, the plot of ln[(I 0/I T) − 1] vs. 1/kT yields a straight line, and the corresponding activation energy ΔE is obtained 0.217 eV.
The chromaticity diagram and CIE coordinates are very important to disclose the exact emission color and color purity of the sample. The CIE chromaticity diagram for the NYS:0.10Sm3+ phosphor under 365 nm UV excitation is shown in Fig. 7a. It can be seen that the emission color of the as-prepared samples located in the reddish light region. The calculated color coordinate is found to be (0.563, 0.417), which indicates the phosphor can be used as a reddish-emitting candidate phosphor for w-LEDs application as the obtained CIE chromaticity coordinate is very much close to the Nichia corporation developed amber LED NSPAR 70BS (0.575, 0.425)48. A digital photo of the NYS:0.10Sm3+ phosphor under 365 nm UV lamp is shown in the inset of Fig. 7a revealing an intense reddish light. Additionally, we have also measured the internal quantum efficiency (QE) of NYS:0.10Sm3+ phosphor according to the reported method. On the basis of the result of Fig. 7b, the internal QE value can be calculated by following formula49,50:
where L S is the luminescence emission spectrum of the sample; E S is the spectrum of the light used for exciting the sample; E R is the spectrum of the excitation light without the sample in the sphere. The measured internal QE of NYS:0.10Sm3+ phosphor is determined as 73.2% under 407 nm excitation. As a reference, we have also measured the QE value of the commercial red phosphor Y2O2S:Eu3+, and the value is 80.9% under 393 nm excitation. It is believed that as-prepared NYS:0.10Sm3+ phosphor can act as a potential reddish-emitting UV convertible phosphor for w-LEDs with high luminescence quantum efficiency.
Conclusion
In summary, a red-emitting apatite-type phosphor NaY9(SiO4)6O2:Sm3+ has been synthesized and its properties have been reported in this paper. The phase purity and fine local structure were examined by XRD and HRTEM. This phosphor showed strong absorption in the UV regions and the optimum excitation band was located at 407 nm region, which matched well with the commercial UV chips (350–410 nm). The emission spectrum demonstrated that the characteristic emission consists of three bands, which corresponded respectively to the transitions from the 4G5/2 excited state to the 6H5/2 (566 nm)6, H7/2 (603 nm), and 6H9/2 (650 nm). The critical Sm3+ quenching concentration (QC) was estimated to be about 10%mol, and the corresponding QC mechanism was verified to be based upon dipole–dipole interactions. The fluorescence decay curves, temperature dependence photoluminescence and CIE value of NYS:Sm3+ phosphors have been discussed in detail. The excellent thermal stability and internal quantum efficiency indicated that the as-prepared NYS: Sm3+ phosphors are potential red-emitting UV convertible phosphor for applications in the next generation w-LEDs.
References
Li, G. G. & Lin, J. Recent progress in low-voltage cathodoluminescent materials: synthesis, improvement and emission properties. Chem. Rev. Soc. 43, 7099–7131 (2014).
Lin, C. C. & Liu, R. S. Advances in Phosphors for Light-emitting Diodes. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 1268–1277 (2011).
Huang, C. H. & Chen, T. M. A Novel Single-Composition Trichromatic White-Light Ca3Y(GaO)3(BO3)4:Ce3+, Mn2+, Tb3+ Phosphor for UV-Light Emitting Diodes. J. Phys. Chem. C. 115, 2349–2355 (2011).
Guo, N. et al. A tunable single-component warm white-light Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphor for white-light emitting diodes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 15077–15082 (2011).
Xie, R. J. & Hirosaki, N. Silicon-based oxynitride and nitride phosphors for white LEDs—A review. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 8, 588–600 (2007).
Kang, F. W., Zhang, Y. & Peng, M. Y. Controlling the energy transfer via multi luminescent centers to achieve white light/tunable emissions in a single-phased X2-type Y2SiO5: Eu3+, Bi3+ phosphor for ultraviolet converted LEDs. 54, 1462–1473 (2015).
Zhou, W. L. et al. Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of a cyan-emitting phosphor Ca3(PO4)2:Eu2+ for white light-emitting diodes. Opt. Mater. 39, 173–177 (2015).
Ding, X., Zhu, G., Geng, W. Y., Mikami, M. & Wang, Y. H. Novel blue and green phosphors obtained from K2ZrSi3O9:Eu2+ compounds with different charge compensation ions for LEDs under near-UV excitation. J. Mater. Chem. C. 3, 6676–6685 (2015).
Chen, H., Gao, J. Y., Su, S. J. & Wang, Z. H. A Visual-Aided Wireless Monitoring System Design for Total Hip Replacement Surgery. Ieee. T. Biomed. Circ. S. 9, 227–236 (2015).
Suo, H., Guo, C. F. & Li, T. Broad-Scope Thermometry Based on Dual-Color Modulation up-Conversion Phosphor Ba5Gd8Zn4O21:Er3+/Yb3+. J. Phys. Chem. C. 120, 2914–2924 (2016).
Peng, Q. et al. A Low Cost UHF RFID System with OCA Tag for Short Range Communication. Ieee. T. Ind. Electron. 62, 4455–4465 (2015).
Zhang, X., Liu, M., Wang, B., Chen, H. & Wang, Z. H. A Wide Measurement Range and Fast Update Rate Integrated Interface for Capacitive Sensors Array. Ieee. T. Circuits-I. 61, 2–11 (2014).
Kang, F. W. et al. Band-Gap Modulation in Single Bi3+-Doped Yttrium–Scandium–Niobium Vanadates for Color Tuning over the Whole Visible Spectrum. Chem. Mater. 28, 2692–2703 (2016).
Yuan, J. L. et al. Synthesis and VUV–UV spectroscopic properties of rare earth borosilicate oxyapatite: RE5Si2BO13:Ln3+ (RE = La, Gd, Y; Ln = Eu, Tb). J. Solid. State. Chem. 180, 1365–1371 (2007).
Li, K., Fan, J., Shang, M. M., Lian, H. Z. & Lin, J. Sr2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Bi3+/Eu:3+ a single-component white-emitting phosphor via energy transfer for UV w-LEDs. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2015(3), 9989–9998 (2015).
Blasse, G. & Grabmaier, B. C. Luminescent Materials 119–128 (Springer Verlag, 1994).
Liu, H. K., Luo, Y., Mao, Z. Y., Liao, L. B. & Xia, Z. G. A novel single-composition trichromatic white-emitting Sr3.5Y6.5O2(PO4)1.5(SiO4)4.5: Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ phosphor: synthesis, luminescent properties and applications for white LEDs. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2, 1619–1627 (2014).
Kim, D. et al. Luminescent Properties of Rare Earth Fully Activated Apatites, LiRE9(SiO4)6O2 (RE = Ce, Eu, and Tb): Site Selective Crystal Field Effect. Inorg. Chem. 54, 1325–1336 (2015).
Shang, M. M. et al. Blue Emitting Ca8La2(PO4)6O2:Ce3+/Eu2+ Phosphors with High Color Purity and Brightness for White LED: Soft-Chemical Synthesis, Luminescence, and Energy Transfer Properties. J. Phys. Chem. C. 116, 10222–10231 (2012).
Tao, Z. X., Huang, Y. L. & Seo, H. J. Blue luminescence and structural properties of Ce3+-activated phosphosilicate apatite Sr5(PO4)2(SiO4). Dalton. Trans. 42, 2121–2129 (2013).
Guo, Q. F., Liao, L. B., Mei, L. F., Liu, H. K. & Hai, Y. Color-tunable photoluminescence phosphors of Ce3+ and Tb3+co-doped Sr2La8(SiO4)6O2 for UV w-LEDs. J. Solid. State. Chem. 225, 149–154 (2015).
Gunawardane, R. P., Howie, R. A. & Glasser, F. P. Structure of the oxyapatite NaY9 (SiO4)6O2. Acta. Cryst. B38, 1564–1566 (1982).
Redhammer, G. R. & Roth, G. Lithium and sodium yttrium orthosilicate oxyapatite, LiY9(SiO4)6O2 and NaY9(SiO4)6O2, at both 100 K and near room temperature. Acta. Cryst. C59, i120–i124 (2003).
Sokolnicki, J. & Zych, E. Synthesis and spectroscopic investigations of Sr2Y8(SiO4)6O2:Eu2+,Eu3+ phosphor for white LEDs. J. Lumin. 158, 65–69 (2015).
Zhou, X. F., Zhang, Z. Y. & Wang, Y. H. Ce3+ and Tb3+ singly- and co-doped MgGd4Si3O13 for ultraviolet light emitting diodes and field emission displays. J. Mater. Chem. C. 3, 3676–3683 (2015).
Geng, D. L., Lian, H. Z., Shang, M. M., Zhang, Y. & Lin, J. Oxonitridosilicate Y10(Si6O22N2)O2:Ce3+, Mn2+ Phosphors: A Facile Synthesis via the Soft-Chemical Ammonolysis Process, Luminescence, and Energy-Transfer Properties. Inorg. Chem. 53, 2230–2239 (2014).
Xia, Z. G., Molokeev, M. S., Ion, W. B., Unithrattil, S. & Liu, Q. L. Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence Evolution of La5(Si2+x B1−x )(O13−x N x ):Ce3+ Solid Solution Phosphors. J. Phys. Chem. C. 119, 9488–9495 (2015).
Yu, R. J. et al. Photoluminescence characteristics of high thermal stable fluorosilicate apatite Ba2Y3(SiO4)3F:Sm3+ orange-red emitting phosphor. Ceram. Inter. 41, 6030–6036 (2015).
Lv, W. Z. et al. Ce3+, Tb3+, Eu3+, Mn2+-doped and Codoped NaY9(SiO4)6O2 Phosphors: Luminescence, Energy Transfer, Tunable Color Properties Luminescence and Display Materials, Devices, and Processing. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 3, R9–R13 (2014).
Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta. Cryst A. 32, 751–767 (1976).
Lu, Z. J., Mao, Z. Y., Chen, J. J. & Wang, D. J. Red/blue-shift dual-directional regulation of α′L-(Ca,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphors resulting from the incorporation content of Eu2+/Sr2+ ions. Dalton. Trans. 44, 15620–15627 (2015).
Qian, H. J., Zhang, J. Y. & Yin, L. Q. Crystal structure and optical properties of white light-emitting Y2WO6:Sm3+ phosphor with excellent color rendering. RSC. Adv. 3, 9029–9034 (2013).
Li, G. et al. Cyan long lasting phosphorescence in green emitting phosphors Ba2Gd2Si4O13:Eu2+, RE3+ (RE3+ = Dy3+, Ho3+, Tm3+, Nd3+ and Tb3+). RSC. Adv. 6, 57024–57032 (2016).
Zhou, R., Wang, L. X., Xu, M. J. & Jia, D. Z. Photoluminescence characteristics of Sm3+ doped Sr2P2O7 as new orange-red emitting phosphor. J. Alloy. Compd. 647, 136–140 (2015).
Blasse, G. Energy transfer in oxidic phosphors. Philips Res. Rep. 24, 131–144 (1969).
Lv, W. Z. et al. Crystal Structure and Luminescence Properties of Ca8Mg3Al2Si7O28:Eu2+ for WLEDs. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2, 183–188 (2014).
Deng, H.J. et al. J. Solid. State. Chem. 228, 110–116 (2015).
Chen, J. H. et al. Energy transfer and thermal stability of K2Ba(WO4)2:Eu3+, Sm3+ phosphors. Ceram. Inter. 41, 11945–11952 (2015).
Jing, H. et al. Photoluminescent properties of Ce3+ in compounds Ba2Ln(BO3)2Cl (Ln = Gd and Y). J. Mater. Chem. 22, 13612–13618 (2012).
Mao, Z. Y., Lu, Z. J., Chen, J. Q., Fahlman, B. D. & Wang, D. J. Tunable luminescent Eu2+-doped dicalcium silicate polymorphs regulated by crystal engineering. J. Mater. Chem. C. 3, 9454–9460 (2015).
Li, C. X. et al. Crystal structure, luminescent properties and white light emitting diode application of Ba3GdNa(PO4)3F:Eu2+ single-phase white light-emitting phosphor. Ceram. Inter. 42, 6891–6898 (2016).
Blasse, G. Energy transfer in oxidic phosphors. Phys. Lett. A. 28, 444–445 (1968).
Huang, C. H., Wu, P. J., Lee, J. F. & Chen, T. M. (Ca, Mg, Sr)9Y(PO4)7:Eu2+, Mn:2+ Phosphors for white-light near-UV LEDs through crystal field tuning and energy transfer. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 10489–10495 (2011).
Xia, Z. G., Liu, H. K., Li, X. & Liu, C. Y. Identification of the crystallographic sites of Eu2+ in Ca9NaMg(PO4)7: structure and luminescence properties study. Dalton. Trans. 42, 16588–16595 (2013).
Lee, G. Y., Han, J. Y., Im, W. B., Cheong, S. H. & Jeon, D. Y. Novel Blue-Emitting Na x Ca1−x Al2−x Si2+x O8:Eu2+ (x = 0.34) Phosphor with High Luminescent Efficiency for UV-Pumped Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorg. Chem. 51, 10688–10694 (2012).
Han, J. Y., Im, W. B., Lee, G. Y. & Jeon, D. Y. Near UV-pumped yellow-emitting Eu2+-doped Na3K(Si1−x Al x )8O16±δ phosphor for white-emitting LEDs. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 8793–8798 (2012).
Ma, Y. Y., Xiao, F., Ye, S., Zhang, Q. Y. & Zhang, Z. H. The Effect of Zinc Acetate Dihydrate on Morphology and Luminescence Properties of CaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ Phosphor. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96, 2238–2244.
Chen, Y., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, M. M. & Wang, C. X. Color-Tunable Phosphor of Eu2+ and Mn2+ Codoped Ca2Sr(PO4)2 for UV Light-Emitting Diodes. J. Phys. Chem. C. 118, 12494–12499 (2014).
Vishwakarma, A. K. & Jayasimhadr, M. Pure orange color emitting Sm3+ doped BaNb2O6 phosphor for solid - state lighting applications. J. Lumin. 176, 112–117 (2016).
Xu, Y. S. et al. Efficient Near-Infrared Down-Conversion in Pr3+–Yb3+ Codoped Glasses and Glass Ceramics Containing LaF3 Nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. C. 115, 13056–13062 (2011).
Acknowledgements
This present work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Grant no. 51672257), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant nos 2652017335, and 2652017403), and the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council (CSC).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
L.M. and H.L. conceived the project. L.M. and H.L. designed and performed the experiments. Y.Z., H.L. and L.L. analyzed the data. L.M., H.L. and R.K. wrote the manuscript. All the authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript at all stages.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Mei, L., Liu, H., Liao, L. et al. Structure and photoluminescence properties of red-emitting apatite-type phosphor NaY9(SiO4)6O2:Sm3+ with excellent quantum efficiency and thermal stability for solid-state lighting. Sci Rep 7, 15171 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15595-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15595-z
This article is cited by
-
Preparation and luminescence properties of broadband red-emitting Sr3LiSbO6: Mn4+, Sm3+ phosphor
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics (2024)
-
Reddish-orange-emitting Ca12Al14O33: Sm3+ phosphors with high color purity
Chemical Papers (2022)
-
Novel yellow–orange-emitting Ba3Lu4O9: Sm3+ phosphors with good thermal stability and high color purity for solid state lighting
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics (2021)
-
Preparation and luminescence properties of Ba9Y2Si6O24: Sm3+ phosphors with excellent thermal stability for solid-state lightning
Applied Physics A (2021)
-
Luminescence and Thermal-Quenching Properties of Red-Emitting Ca2Al2SiO7:Sm3+ Phosphors
Journal of Electronic Materials (2020)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.