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Genome-wide association analysis reveals insights into the genetic architecture of right ventricular structure and function

Nature Genetics volume 54, pages 783–791 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Right ventricular (RV) structure and function influence the morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. Little is known about the genetic basis of RV measurements. Here we perform genome-wide association analyses of four clinically relevant RV phenotypes (RV end-diastolic volume, RV end-systolic volume, RV stroke volume, RV ejection fraction) from cardiovascular magnetic resonance images, using a state-of-the-art deep learning algorithm in 29,506 UK Biobank participants. We identify 25 unique loci associated with at least one RV phenotype at P < 2.27 ×10−8, 17 of which are validated in a combined meta-analysis (n = 41,830). Several candidate genes overlap with Mendelian cardiomyopathy genes and are involved in cardiac muscle contraction and cellular adhesion. The RV polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are associated with DCM and CAD. The findings substantially advance our understanding of the genetic underpinning of RV measurements.

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Fig. 1: Flowchart of analysis strategy for RV GWAS analyses.
Fig. 2: Manhattan plots of genomic loci associated with CMR-derived RV phenotypes.
Fig. 3
Fig. 4: Enrichment of genes associated with RV phenotypes in g:Profiler.
Fig. 5: Phenome-wide association analysis of RV PRSs.

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Data availability

Summary GWAS statistics are publicly available on the GWAS catalog portal (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/). The web links for the publicly available datasets used in the study are as follows: ANNOVAR (https://annovar.openbioinformatics.org/en/latest/user-guide/download/), PhenoScanner version 2 (http://www.phenoscanner.medschl.cam.ac.uk), GWAS catalog (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/docs/file-downloads), GTEx version 7 and version 8 eQTL results (https://gtexportal.org/home/datasets), CADD version 1.6 (https://cadd.gs.washington.edu/download) and RegulomeDB version 2 (https://regulomedb.org/regulome-search). All other data are contained in the article file and its supplementary information or are available upon request.

Code availability

Publicly available software tools were used to perform genetic analyses. These tools include BOLT, MTAG, LDSC, probABEL, GWAMA, eCaviar, DEPICT, S-MultiXcan (https://github.com/hakyimlab/MetaXcan), MAGMA, FUMA, g:Profiler, g:Profiler and PheWAS R package. The algorithms for CMR image analysis are available in https://github.com/baiwenjia/ukbb_cardiac. For automated CMR image analysis, we used python v3.6 and tensorflow v1.9.0. Manual analysis of CMR studies was performed using cvi42 software (v5.1.1) (https://www.circlecvi.com).

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Acknowledgements

This research was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under application 2964. We thank all UK Biobank participants and staff. N.A. recognizes the National Institute for Health Research Integrated Academic Training program, which supports his Academic Clinical Lectureship post, and also acknowledges support from the Wellcome Trust (Research Training Fellowship 203553/Z/16/Z). We acknowledge the British Heart Foundation for funding the manual analysis to create a CMR imaging reference standard for the UK Biobank imaging resource in 5,000 CMR scans (PG/14/89/31194; S.K.P., S.N. and S.E.P.). We also acknowledge support from the ‘SmartHeart’ Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council program grant (EP/P001009/1; S.E.P.). The Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and the Oxford British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence supported this research (S.K.P. and S.N.). This work was part of the portfolio of translational research of the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (N.A., P.B.M. and S.E.P.). This project was enabled through access to the Medical Research Council eMedLab Medical Bioinformatics infrastructure, supported by the Medical Research Council (grant MR/L016311/1; S.E.P.). The UK Biobank was established by the Wellcome Trust medical charity, the Medical Research Council, the Department of Health, the Scottish Government and the Northwest Regional Development Agency. It has also received funding from the Welsh Assembly Government and the British Heart Foundation. MESA and the MESA SHARe projects are conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with MESA investigators. Support for MESA is provided by contracts 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, 75N92020D00005, N01-HC-95160, 75N92020D00002, N01-HC-95161, 75N92020D00003, N01-HC-95162, 75N92020D00006, N01-HC-95163, 75N92020D00004, N01-HC-95164, 75N92020D00007, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169, UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079 UL1-TR-001420 from NHLBI and NIH. Funding for SHARe genotyping was provided by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contract N02-HL-64278. Genotyping in MESA was performed at Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT (Boston, MA) using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. The study was also supported in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences grant UL1TR001881 and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease Diabetes Research Center grant DK063491 to the Southern California Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center. RV phenotyping in MESA was funded by National Institutes of Health grants K24 HL103844 and R01 HL086719.

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  1. These authors jointly supervised this work: Steffen E. Petersen, Patricia B. Munroe.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Nay Aung, Kenneth Fung, Mihir M. Sanghvi, Steffen E. Petersen & Patricia B. Munroe

  2. National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Nay Aung, Kenneth Fung, Mihir M. Sanghvi, Steffen E. Petersen & Patricia B. Munroe

  3. Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, UK

    Nay Aung, Kenneth Fung, Mihir M. Sanghvi & Steffen E. Petersen

  4. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Jose D. Vargas

  5. Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA

    Jose D. Vargas

  6. Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Chaojie Yang & Ani Manichaikul

  7. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Stefan K. Piechnik & Stefan Neubauer

  8. The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

    Jerome I. Rotter & Kent D. Taylor

  9. Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Joao A. C. Lima

  10. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    David A. Bluemke

  11. Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Steven M. Kawut

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Contributions

N.A. conceived the study, designed the methodology, performed manual and automated segmentation of CMR studies, carried out genetic and bioinformatic analyses and drafted and finalized the manuscript. J.D.V. conceived the study and revised the manuscript. C.Y. and A.M. performed statistical analysis of MESA data. J.I.R., K.D.T., J.A.C.L., D.A.B. and S.M.K. substantively revised the manuscript. K.F. performed manual segmentation of CMR studies. M.M.S. performed manual segmentation of CMR studies and contributed to the writing of specific sections. S.K.P. and S.N. supervised CMR image segmentation and acquired funding. S.E.P. and P.B.M. conceived the study, designed the methodology, provided supervision, acquired funding and edited the manuscript. All authors read the paper and contributed to its final form.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Steffen E. Petersen or Patricia B. Munroe.

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Competing interests

S.E.P. acts as a consultant for and is shareholder of Circle Cardiovascular Imaging (Calgary, Alberta, Canada). All other authors have no competing interests.

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Aung, N., Vargas, J.D., Yang, C. et al. Genome-wide association analysis reveals insights into the genetic architecture of right ventricular structure and function. Nat Genet 54, 783–791 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01083-2

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