The most common treatment option worldwide for persons with kidney failure is in-centre haemodialysis; however, this treatment has remained largely unchanged over decades owing to a lack of true patient-centred technological innovation. The development of safe and effective wearable forms of dialysis has the potential to transform the lives of these patients.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Himmelfarb, J. & Ikizler, T. A. Hemodialysis. N Engl. J. Med. 363, 1833–1845 (2010).
Ash, S. R. Sorbents in treatment of uremia: a short history and a great future. Semin. Dial. 22, 615–622 (2009).
Meng, F. et al. MXene sorbents for removal of urea from dialysate: a step toward the wearable artificial kidney. ACS Nano 12, 10518–10528 (2018).
Overbury, S. H. et al. Complexity of intercalation in MXenes: destabilization of urea by two-dimensional titanium carbide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 10305–10314 (2018).
Gura, V. et al. A wearable artificial kidney for patients with end-stage renal disease. JCI Insight 1, e86397 (2016).
van Gelder, M. K. et al. Urea removal strategies for dialysate regeneration in a wearable artificial kidney. Biomaterials 234, 119735 (2020).
Shao, G., Zang, Y. & Hinds, B. J. TiO2 nanowires based system for urea photodecomposition and dialysate regeneration. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2, 6116–6123 (2019).
Harker, L. A. & Slichter, S. J. Platelet and fibrinogen consumption in man. N. Engl. J. Med. 287, 999–1005 (1972).
Zhang, Z. et al. Blood compatibility of surfaces with superlow protein adsorption. Biomaterials 29, 4285–4291 (2008).
Kim, J. E., Kessler, L., McCauley, Z., Niiyama, I. & Boyle, L. N. Human factors considerations in designing a personalized mobile dialysis device: an interview study. Appl. Ergon. 85, 103003 (2020).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
J.H. and B.R. are founders of and hold equity in AKTIV-X Technologies, Inc.
Additional information
Related links
AWAK: https://awak.com/
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Himmelfarb, J., Ratner, B. Wearable artificial kidney: problems, progress and prospects. Nat Rev Nephrol 16, 558–559 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0318-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0318-1
This article is cited by
-
Implantable Artificial Kidney: A Puzzle
Biomedical Engineering (2021)
-
Characterization of the cylindrical electrospun nanofibrous polysulfone membrane for hemodialysis with modelling approach
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing (2021)