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  • Review Article
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Reconfigurable metasurfaces towards commercial success

Nature Photonics volume 17, pages 48–58 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Reconfigurable optical metasurfaces are rapidly emerging as a major frontier in photonics research, development and commercialization. They promise compact, lightweight and energy-efficient reconfigurable optical systems with unprecedented performance and functions that can be dynamically defined on-demand. Compared with their passive counterparts, the reconfiguration capacity also poses challenges in scalable control, manufacturing and control toward their practical deployment. This Review aims to survey the state of the art of reconfigurable metasurface technologies and their applications, using spaceborne remote sensing, active beam steering and light field displays as examples, while highlighting key research advances that are essential to enabling their transition from laboratory curiosity to commercial reality.

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Fig. 1: Mechanisms for active tuning of reconfigurable metasurfaces.
Fig. 2: Tunable metasurface filter for aerospace applications.
Fig. 3: Reconfigurable metasurfaces for beam steering.
Fig. 4: Metasurface-based 3D display.

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Acknowledgements

This work was sponsored by the National Science Foundation under award number 2132929, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Sciences Office Program: EXTREME Optics and Imaging (EXTREME) under agreement number HR00111720029, the National Institute of Aerospace, and Lockheed Martin Corporation Internal Research and Development. We would like to thank S. An and W. Humphreys for creation of the graphics, F. Yang and X. Qiu for assistance with optical/thermal modelling, as well as M. Julian, C. Williams, X. Sun, X. Fang and L. Bi for helpful technical discussions and assistance with development of the outline. The views, opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the US Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Tian Gu & Juejun Hu

  2. Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Tian Gu & Juejun Hu

  3. National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA

    Hyun Jung Kim

  4. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

    Hyun Jung Kim

  5. Missiles and Fire Control, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Orlando, FL, USA

    Clara Rivero-Baleine

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Gu, T., Kim, H.J., Rivero-Baleine, C. et al. Reconfigurable metasurfaces towards commercial success. Nat. Photon. 17, 48–58 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-01099-4

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