Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

Triplet fusion upconversion

Framing fusion and fission

Nature Materials volume 21, pages 1221–1222 (2022)Cite this article

Subjects

Engineering inter-triplet exchange coupling allows spin mixing between singlet and quintet manifolds in triplet–triplet pair states in metal–organic frameworks, demonstrating increased room-temperature triplet-fusion rates under relatively small applied magnetic fields.

Absorption of light in organic molecules can result in the formation of strongly coupled electron–hole pairs referred to as excitons. They play a key role in all types of optoelectronic devices that either produce light (such as light-emitting diodes) or absorb light (such as solar cells or photodetectors). Excitons can have singlet (spin 0) or triplet (spin 1) character, and the probability for their radiative decay strongly depends on the spin state. In most organic molecules with a singlet ground state the decay of triplet excitons is spin-forbidden, resulting in long lifetimes of triplet excitons, which are therefore also called ‘dark states’. Harvesting these non-emissive triplet states by converting them, through reverse intersystem crossing, to emissive singlet excitons, for which radiative decay is spin-allowed, was the key achievement that led to the success of organic light-emitting diodes1.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Rent or buy this article

Get just this article for as long as you need it

$39.95

Learn more

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Triplet fusion in MOFs.

References

  1. Uoyama, H., Goushi, K., Shizu, K., Nomura, H. & Adachi, C. Nature 492, 234–238 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bayliss, S. L. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 5077–5082 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ha, D.-G. et al. Nat. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01368-1 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tayebjee, M. J. Y. et al. Nat. Phys. 13, 182–188 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Horike, S. & Kitagawa, S. Nat. Mater. 21, 983–985 (2022).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Schulze, T. F. & Schmidt, T. W. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 103–125 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rao, A. & Friend, R. H. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2, 17063 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kondakov, D. Y. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 373, 20140321 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang, L. et al. Biomaterials 201, 77–86 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Naitik A. Panjwani & Jan Behrends

Authors
  1. Naitik A. Panjwani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jan Behrends
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Behrends.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Panjwani, N.A., Behrends, J. Framing fusion and fission. Nat. Mater. 21, 1221–1222 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01387-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01387-y

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing