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  • Perspective
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The living interface between synthetic biology and biomaterial design

Nature Materials volume 21, pages 390–397 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Recent far-reaching advances in synthetic biology have yielded exciting tools for the creation of new materials. Conversely, advances in the fundamental understanding of soft-condensed matter, polymers and biomaterials offer new avenues to extend the reach of synthetic biology. The broad and exciting range of possible applications have substantial implications to address grand challenges in health, biotechnology and sustainability. Despite the potentially transformative impact that lies at the interface of synthetic biology and biomaterials, the two fields have, so far, progressed mostly separately. This Perspective provides a review of recent key advances in these two fields, and a roadmap for collaboration at the interface between the two communities. We highlight the near-term applications of this interface to the development of hierarchically structured biomaterials, from bioinspired building blocks to ‘living’ materials that sense and respond based on the reciprocal interactions between materials and embedded cells.

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Fig. 1: Programmability of synthetic biology.
Fig. 2: The design space for biomaterials.
Fig. 3: Using synthetic biology to fabricate biomaterials with tailored properties toward ‘living’ materials systems.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all the participants of the second Square Table workshop during which the ideas in this Perspective originated. The workshop was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant BMAT-1939310. We especially acknowledge G. Iannacchione for his stewardship of the Square Table workshops. We also acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health grants R01 EB030031 (A.P.L.), R35 GM138256 (L.M.), R21 CA232244 (K.H.), NSF grants CMMI 1846367 (O.C.), DMR-BMAT CAREER 1753387 (N.S.), EF-1934496 (V.N.), DMR-2004875 (N.S.J.), DMR-2004937 (M.T.V.), CBET-2033654 (B.M.B.), DMR-2037055 (S.L.V.), MCB-2033387 (S.K.Y.T.), DMR-2004796 (J.M.), DMR-2011824 (A.M.K.), the Human Frontiers in Science Program RGP0045/2018 (S.P.), Department of Energy grants DOE BES DE-SC-0010595 (E.F. and R.S.), DGF grant DFG-EXC-2189 (W.W.), Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science—Gravitation 024.001.035 (P.H.J.K.) and the DARPA Engineered Living Materials Program (P.D.A.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Allen P. Liu

  2. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Eric A. Appel

  3. Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Paul D. Ashby

  4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Brendon M. Baker

  5. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Elisa Franco

  6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Luo Gu

  7. Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Karmella Haynes

  8. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Neel S. Joshi

  9. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

    April M. Kloxin

  10. Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

    Paul H. J. Kouwer

  11. Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Jeetain Mittal

  12. Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Leonardo Morsut

  13. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Vincent Noireaux

  14. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Sapun Parekh

  15. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Rebecca Schulman

  16. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Sindy K. Y. Tang & Ovijit Chaudhuri

  17. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

    Megan T. Valentine

  18. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA

    Sebastián L. Vega

  19. Faculty of Biology and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Wilfried Weber

  20. School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Nicholas Stephanopoulos

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Correspondence to Allen P. Liu, Nicholas Stephanopoulos or Ovijit Chaudhuri.

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Liu, A.P., Appel, E.A., Ashby, P.D. et al. The living interface between synthetic biology and biomaterial design. Nat. Mater. 21, 390–397 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01231-3

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