Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Comment
  • Published:

The expanding value of long-term studies of individuals in the wild

Over the past seventy-five years, long-term population studies of individual organisms in their natural environments have been influential in illuminating how ecological and evolutionary processes operate, and the extent of variation and temporal change in these processes. As these studies have matured, the incorporation of new technologies has generated an ever-broadening perspective, from molecular and genomic to landscape-level analyses facilitated by remote-sensing.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Classic models in the development of long-term population studies of individuals in the wild.

References

  1. Lack, D. J. Anim. Ecol. 33, 159–173 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Pemberton, J. et al. The unusual value of long-term studies of individuals: the example of the Isle of Rum red deer project. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. (in the press).

  3. Clutton-Brock, T. & Sheldon, B. C. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 562–573 (2010).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Weimerskirch, H. J. Anim. Ecol. 87, 945–955 (2018).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Höner, O. P. et al. Nature 448, 798–801 (2007).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rodríguez-Muñoz, R. et al. Evolution 73, 317–328 (2019).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Czorlich, Y., Aykanat, T., Erkinaro, J., Orell, P. & Primmer, C. R. Science 376, 420–423 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sparkman, A. M., Arnold, S. J. & Bronikowski, A. M. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 274, 943–950 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Doak, D. F. & Morris, W. F. Nature 467, 959–962 (2010).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Campos, F. A. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2117669119 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Forchhammer, M. C., Clutton-Brock, T. H., Lindström, J. & Albon, S. D. J. Anim. Ecol. 70, 721–729 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bonnet, T. et al. PLoS Biol. 17, e3000493 (2019).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. McCleery, R. H. & Perrins, C. M. Nature 391, 30–31 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Charmantier, A. et al. Science 320, 800–803 (2008).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Vedder, O., Bouwhuis, S. & Sheldon, B. C. PLoS Biol. 11, e1001605 (2013).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Simmonds, E. G., Cole, E. F., Sheldon, B. C. & Coulson, T. Ecol. Lett. 23, 1766–1775 (2020).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cole, E. F., Regan, C. E. & Sheldon, B. C. Nat. Clim. Chang. 11, 872–878 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Huisman, J., Kruuk, L. E., Ellis, P. A., Clutton-Brock, T. & Pemberton, J. M. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 3585–3590 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Johnston, S. E., Bérénos, C., Slate, J. & Pemberton, J. M. Genetics 203, 583–598 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Stoffel, M. A., Johnston, S. E., Pilkington, J. G. & Pemberton, J. M. Nat. Commun. 12, 2972 (2021).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Grieneisen, L. et al. Science 373, 181–186 (2021).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Björk, J. R. et al. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 6, 955–964 (2022).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lamichhaney, S. et al. Science 352, 470–474 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bosse, M. et al. Science 358, 365–368 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. De Villemereuil, P. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 31969–31978 (2020).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Bailey, L. D. et al. Nat. Commun. 13, 2112 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Bonnet, T. et al. Science 376, 1012–1016 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Culina, A. et al. J. Anim. Ecol. 90, 2147–2160 (2021).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Our individual work has been funded by a wide range of sources including grants from the UK’s Natural Environmental Research Council, the European Research Council (B.C.S. & L.E.B.K.), and the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the US (S.C.A.). The long-term studies that we describe here would not have been possible without the extraordinary dedication of hundreds of field assistants, graduate students, postdocs and supportive colleagues.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ben C. Sheldon.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sheldon, B.C., Kruuk, L.E.B. & Alberts, S.C. The expanding value of long-term studies of individuals in the wild. Nat Ecol Evol 6, 1799–1801 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01940-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01940-7

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing