Physical complementarity among trees in the use of vertical space increases productivity due to species-specific differences and plasticity in crown architecture.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Cardinale, B. J. et al. Am. J. Bot. 98, 572–592 (2011).
Vojtech, E., Loreau, M., Yachi, S., Spehn, E. M. & Hector, A. Oikos 117, 1351–1361 (2008).
Williams, L. J., Paquette, A., Cavender-Bares, J., Messier, C. & Reich, P. B. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1, 0063 (2017).
Loreau, M. & Hector, A. Nature 412, 72–76 (2001).
Sapijanskas, J., Paquette, A., Potvin, C., Kunert, N. & Loreau, M. Ecology 95, 2479–2492 (2014).
He, J.-S., Wolfe-Bellin, K. S., Schmid, B. & Bazzaz, F. A. Basic Appl. Ecol. 6, 505–517 (2005).
Fox, J. W. Ecol. Lett. 8, 846–856 (2005).
Niklaus, P. A., Baruffol, M., He, J.-S., Ma, K. & Schmid, B. Ecology http://doi.org/bzmc (2017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schmid, B., Niklaus, P. Biodiversity: Complementary canopies. Nat Ecol Evol 1, 0104 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0104
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0104
This article is cited by
-
Species-mixing effects on crown dimensions and canopy packing in a young pine–birch plantation are modulated by stand density and irrigation
European Journal of Forest Research (2023)
-
Understory response to overstory and soil gradients in mixed versus monospecific Mediterranean pine forests
European Journal of Forest Research (2019)