The biggest black holes in the Universe were in place soon after the Big Bang. Explaining how they formed so rapidly is a daunting challenge, but the latest simulations give clues to how this may have occurred.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Mortlock, D. J. et al. Nature 474, 616–619 (2011).
Regan, J. A. et al. Nat. Astron. 1, 0075 (2017).
Begelman, M. C., Volonteri, M. & Rees, M. J. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 370, 289–298 (2006).
Begelman, M. C. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 402, 673–681 (2010).
Fiacconi, D. & Rossi, E. M. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 455, 2–16 (2016).
Lodato, G. & Natarajan, P. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 371, 1813–1823 (2006).
Dijkstra, M., Ferrara, A. & Mesinger, A. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 442, 2036–2047 (2014).
Mayer, L., Kazantzidis, S., Escala, A. & Callegari. S. Nature 466, 1082–1084 (2010).
Inayoshi, K., Visbal, E. & Kashiyama, K. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 453, 1692–1700 (2016).
Chen, P., Wise, J. H., Norman, M. L., Xu, H. & O'Shea, B. W. Astrophys. J. 795, 144 (2014).
Abel, T., Bryan, G. & Norman, M. Astrophys. J. 540, 39–44 (2000).
Madau, P. & Rees, M. J. Astrophys. J. 551 L27–L30 (2001).
Jiang, Y.-F., Stone, J. M. & Davis, S. Astrophys. J. 796, 106 (2014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mayer, L. Black Holes: The making of a monster. Nat Astron 1, 0108 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0108
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-017-0108