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Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of open globe injuries in a North Spain population: a 10-year review

Eye volume 37, pages 2101–2108 (2023)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Objectives

To describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of open globe injuries (OGIs) treated in a tertiary hospital and analyse predictors of visual outcome.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included all patients with OGIs admitted to Cruces University Hospital between 2010 and 2020. The descriptive analysis included demographic data, type of injury classified as “rupture”, “penetration”, “perforation”, or “intraocular foreign body”, trauma mechanism and setting, injury zone, Ocular Trauma Score, delay to surgery, length of hospital stay, antibiotic prophylaxis, initial and final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complications and further surgery. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify prognostic factors, based on final BCVA.

Results

Overall, 207 OGI cases were reported. The most common type of injuries were ruptures caused by domestic falls. Notably, 44.4% of eyes developed phthisis bulbi. In the univariate analysis, the following variables were significantly linked to visual outcome: age > 60 years, “rupture”, “fall”, posterior and/or combined zones of injury, lens damage, retinal/choroidal detachment, initial BCVA of no light perception, and Ocular Trauma Score ≤ 2 (p < 0.001). Delay to surgery, length of stay and further surgery did not have prognostic value. In the logistic regression, initial BCVA of no light perception (p < 0.001) and injury zone III (p = 0.005) remained significant predictors of poor outcome.

Conclusions

In the population studied, most OGIs were caused by domestic falls usually affecting elderly patients with comorbidities. Visual outcome depended on patients´ specific characteristics and the nature of the trauma itself, whereas environmental factors failed to show any prognostic value.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to confidentiality agreements, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Begiker, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain

    Alaitz Santamaría, Beatriz De Luis, Ana Orive, Raquel Feijóo & Jaime Etxebarria

  2. Scientific Coordination Facility, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain

    Silvia Pérez

  3. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/ EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain

    Jaime Etxebarria

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Contributions

ASC was responsible for designing the review protocol, writing the protocol and report, conducting the search, screening potentially eligible studies, extracting and analysing data, interpreting results, updating reference lists and creating figures and tables. SPF was responsible for the statistical analysis. She contributed to creating’Summary of findings’ tables. AOB, RFL, BLE, and JEE contributed to writing the report, arbitrating potentially eligible studies, and provided feedback on the report.

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Correspondence to Alaitz Santamaría.

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Santamaría, A., Pérez, S., De Luis, B. et al. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of open globe injuries in a North Spain population: a 10-year review. Eye 37, 2101–2108 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-02297-8

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