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Helper T cell differentiation

Cellular & Molecular Immunology volume 16, pages 634–643 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

CD4+ T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease. In the original model, specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage-specifying cytokines and transcriptional programs, but recent studies have revealed increasing complexities for CD4+ T-cell differentiation. Here, we first discuss CD4+ T-cell differentiation from a historical perspective by highlighting the major studies that defined the distinct subsets of T helper cells. We next describe the mechanisms underlying CD4+ T-cell differentiation, including cytokine-induced signaling and transcriptional networks. We then review current and emerging topics of differentiation, including the plasticity and heterogeneity of T cells, the tissue-specific effects, and the influence of cellular metabolism on cell fate decisions. Importantly, recent advances in cutting-edge approaches, especially systems biology tools, have contributed to new concepts and mechanisms underlying T-cell differentiation and will likely continue to advance this important research area of adaptive immunity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors apologize to all colleagues whose key contributions could not be individually cited due to space limitations. We thank Yanyan Wang for manuscript editing. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

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  1. Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Jordy Saravia, Nicole M. Chapman & Hongbo Chi

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Saravia, J., Chapman, N.M. & Chi, H. Helper T cell differentiation. Cell Mol Immunol 16, 634–643 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-019-0220-6

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