Chambrone L, Garcia-Valenzuela F S, Avila-Ortiz G et al. Errors and complications in clinical periodontal practice due to methodologic bias and bad interpretation of the evidence. Periodontol 2000 2023; DOI: 10.1111/prd.12475. Online ahead of print.

Proper assessment of the literature requires clinical knowledge combined with a systematic approach built on the recognition of common methodological biases and the avoidance of interpretive errors.

Different types of errors and complications may arise during and after the execution of periodontal or implant-related procedures. Some of the most relevant and less commented, causative agents of errors and complications are methodological biases and bad interpretation of the evidence. Proper assessment of the literature requires solid clinical knowledge combined with a systematic approach built on the recognition of common methodological biases and the avoidance of interpretive errors to critically retrieve, dissect, and judiciously apply available information. This review addresses common types of methodological bias and interpretive errors that can alter the reader's perceptions on the real effect and potential ramifications of the reported outcomes of a given therapeutic approach due to bad interpretation of the available evidence: 1) types of methodological biases; 2) spin and interpretive bias; 3) interpretation pitfalls when assessing the evidence; 4) choice of relevant endpoints to answer the question(s) of interest; and 5) balance between statistical significance and clinical relevance.