Liu J, Gill E, Li S. Revisiting cultural competence. Clin Teach 2020; DOI:10.1111/tct.13269.

Every patient has a story, not just a history.

Culture is a multi-faceted social phenomenon, which includes such determinants as race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, spirituality, physical ability, education and socio-economic status. Cultural competence (CC) is 'a set of congruent behaviours, attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals and enables that system, agency and those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.'

From a literature review, the authors conclude that CC is relevant not only at an individual level but at a team and organisational level. Individuals are, however, foundational and three domains are identified as central to CC development - affective (sensitivity, humility, openness), cognitive (cultural awareness, knowledge and understanding) and behavioural (cultural skills, supportive interaction, self-reflection). The consequent importance of leadership and faculty development is stressed.

In a multi-cultural society, clinicians are expected to be able to provide culturally sensitive and appropriate care for all patients. Innovative educational interventions are needed to ensure that current training is relevant to all students and practitioners.