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Treatment of relapsed aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with mogamulizumab followed by lenalidomide

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 56, pages 2862–2863 (2021)Cite this article

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Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Although the prognosis of aggressive ATLL (acute and lymphoma types) is poor [1, 2], some allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients with aggressive ATLL, especially those developing mild-to-moderate acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), achieve long-term survival suggesting the presence of graft-versus-ATLL effects after allo-HSCT [3]. However, relapse is still a major obstacle to the success of allo-HSCT [4].

In a recent issue of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Inoue et al. described the safety of mogamulizumab (MOG), a humanized, anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antibody for relapsed ATLL more than 3 months after allo-HSCT. However, they also concluded that MOG did not have a sufficient effect on lymph node (LN) lesions although it was effective against ATL cells in peripheral blood (PB) [5].

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Fig. 1: Summary of the clinical time course.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan

    Hayato Tamai & Ayako Arai

  2. Department of Hematology, Yokohama Minami Kyousai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

    Kenji Tajika & Kazutaka Nakayama

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  1. Hayato Tamai
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  2. Kenji Tajika
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  3. Kazutaka Nakayama
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  4. Ayako Arai
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HT designed the research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper; KT, KN and AA analyzed data and wrote the paper.

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Correspondence to Hayato Tamai.

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Tamai, H., Tajika, K., Nakayama, K. et al. Treatment of relapsed aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with mogamulizumab followed by lenalidomide. Bone Marrow Transplant 56, 2862–2863 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-021-01432-5

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