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ITLN1 inhibits tumor neovascularization and myeloid derived suppressor cells accumulation in colorectal carcinoma

Oncogene volume 40, pages 5925–5937 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Low levels of ITLN1 have been correlated with obesity-related colorectal carcinogenesis, however, the specific functions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we sought to explore the inhibitory role of ITLN1 in the tumor-permissive microenvironment that exists during the first occurrence and subsequent development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Results indicated that ITLN1 was frequently lost in CRC tissues and ITLN1 to be an independent prognostic predictor of CRC. Orthotopic and subcutaneous tumor xenograft approaches were then used to further confirm the protective role of ITLN1 during tumor progression. Increased ITLN1 expression in CRC cells significantly inhibited local pre-existing vessels sprouting, EPC recruitment and the infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into tumor tissues without affecting the behavior of CRC cells in vitro. Comparatively, ITLN1-derived MDSCs had a lower suppressive effect on T cell proliferation, NOS2 expression, and ROS production. In addition, ITLN1 overexpression markedly suppressed bone marrow (BM)-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) differentiation into MDSCs as well as NOS2 activity on MDSCs. Using H-2b+YFP + chimerism through bone marrow transplantation, increased ITLN1 in HCT116 significantly reduced the BM-derived EPCs and MDSCs in vivo mobilization. Mechanistically, results indicated ITLN1 inhibited tumor-derived IL-17D and CXCL2 (MIP2) through the KEAP1/Nrf2/ROS/IL-17D and p65 NF-ĸB/CXCL2 signaling cascades dependent on PI3K/AKT/GSK3ß. This effect was reversed by the PI3K selective inhibitor LY294002. Collectively, ITLN1 synergistically suppressed IL-17D and CXCL2-mediated tumor vascularization, bone marrow derived EPC recruitment, as well as MDSCs generation and trafficking. Thus, ITLN1 potentially serves as a critical prognostic and therapeutic target for CRC.

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Fig. 1: The expressions and its prognostic significance of ITLN1 in CRC patients.
Fig. 2: Ectopic overexpression of ITLN1 impedes tumorigenesis and tumor growth.
Fig. 3: ITLN1 prevents MDSC accumulation and vascularization.
Fig. 4: ITLN1 inhibits tumor derived IL-17D and CXCL2 production.
Fig. 5: ITLN1 attenuates tumor endothelial activation, MDSCs generation and trafficking.
Fig. 6: ITLN1 inhibits IL-17D and CXCL2 production and is dependent on PI3K/AKT/GSK3ß.
Fig. 7: LY294002 reversed the inhibitory effect of IL-17D-mediated neovascularization and MDSCs mobilization.
Fig. 8: PI3K selective inhibitor LY294002 restores the ITLN1-inhibitory effect on CRC tumor growth.

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Acknowledgements

We would appreciate Mr. Junhui Huang from Guangzhou Jiamai Biotechnology co., LTD for helping us analyze FCM data. We would also appreciate Dr Hai-yun Wang and Miss. Meng Zheng from Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center for helping us with the revision.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFC1309000 and No. 2016YFC1302305); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81430055, 81572359, 81602063, 81730072, 81772595, 8197227); the National Natural Science Foundation for Youth (No.81502259); the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (No. S1014030001589); the 61th China Postdoctoral Science foundation (2017M612816) and the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Projects (No. 201803040019, 201904020044).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Li Chen, Xiao-Han Jin, Jie Luo, Jin-Ling Duan.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China

    Li Chen, Xiao-Han Jin, Jie Luo, Jin-Ling Duan, Feng-Wei Wang & Dan Xie

  2. Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China

    Li Chen

  3. Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China

    Mu-Yan Cai, Jie-Wei Chen & Dan Xie

  4. Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Zi-Hao Feng

  5. Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Austin Meng Guo

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Contributions

LC, DX designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript; LC, XHJ, JL, JLD performed the experiments; MYC and JWC collected the surgical sample and performed TMA assay; ZHF ran the TCGA analysis; AMG, FWW helped interpreting the data and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dan Xie.

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Chen, L., Jin, XH., Luo, J. et al. ITLN1 inhibits tumor neovascularization and myeloid derived suppressor cells accumulation in colorectal carcinoma. Oncogene 40, 5925–5937 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-01965-5

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