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An entorhinal-visual cortical circuit regulates depression-like behaviors

Molecular Psychiatry volume 27, pages 3807–3820 (2022)Cite this article

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A Correction to this article was published on 26 April 2022

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Abstract

Major depressive disorder is viewed as a ‘circuitopathy’. The hippocampal-entorhinal network plays a pivotal role in regulation of depression, and its main sensory output, the visual cortex, is a promising target for stimulation therapy of depression. However, whether the entorhinal-visual cortical pathway mediates depression and the potential mechanism remains unknown. Here we report a cortical circuit linking entorhinal cortex layer Va neurons to the medial portion of secondary visual cortex (Ent→V2M) that bidirectionally regulates depression-like behaviors in mice. Analyses of brain-wide projections of Ent Va neurons and two-color retrograde tracing indicated that Ent Va→V2M projection neurons represented a unique population of neurons in Ent Va. Immunostaining of c-Fos revealed that activity in Ent Va neurons was decreased in mice under chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Both chemogenetic inactivation of Ent→V2M projection neurons and optogenetic inactivation of the projection terminals induced social deficiency, anxiety- and despair-related behaviors in healthy mice. Chemogenetic inactivation of Ent→V2M projection neurons also aggravated these depression-like behaviors in CSDS-resilient mice. Optogenetic activation of Ent→V2M projection terminals rapidly ameliorated depression-like phenotypes. Optical recording using fiber photometry indicated that elevated neural activity in Ent→V2M projection terminals promoted antidepressant-like behaviors. Thus, the Ent→V2M circuit plays a crucial role in regulation of depression-like behaviors, and can function as a potential target for treating major depressive disorder.

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Fig. 1: Brain-wide mapping of Ent Va axonal projections.
Fig. 2: The entorhinal-visual cortical projections.
Fig. 3: CSDS decreases the number of c-Fos positive neurons in Ent Va.
Fig. 4: Inactivation of Ent→V2M projection neurons induces depression-like behaviors.
Fig. 5: Inactivation of Ent→V2M projection neurons promotes depression-like behaviors in resilient mice.
Fig. 6: Activation of Ent→V2M projection terminals is antidepressant.
Fig. 7: Elevated neural activity of the Ent→V2M projection terminals promotes antidepression.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Hailan Hu, Cheng Zhan and Ji Hu for comments on the manuscript. We also thank Pengfei Wei, Yu Wang, Yan Huo, Tianyi Huang, Fan Di, Hongjiang Yang, Yuexin Yang and Xiao Yao for generous assistance in the experiments of animal breeding, electrophysiological recording and morphology; the Cell Biology Facility, Center of Biomedical Analysis at Tsinghua University for imaging of brain sections; the Animal Core Facility at Tsinghua University for maintaining the mouse lines. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32021002) to ZVG and the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0505700) to PX.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China

    Jian Lu, Xue Gong, Yong He, Wei Zhou, Haiyang Wang, Ke Cheng, Yue Wang & Peng Xie

  2. IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China

    Jian Lu, Zhouzhou Zhang, Xinxin Yin, Yingjun Tang, Runan Ji, Han Chen & Zengcai V. Guo

  3. Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China

    Jian Lu, Zhouzhou Zhang, Xinxin Yin, Yingjun Tang, Runan Ji, Han Chen & Zengcai V. Guo

  4. Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen) and Dapeng Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, 518028, Shenzhen, China

    Yu Guang

  5. Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China

    Xiaowei Chen

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  1. Jian Lu
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Contributions

JL, ZVG, and PX conceived the project. JL performed the experiments with inputs from ZZZ (Light-sheet fluorescence imaging), XXY (Reward licking setup and code programing), YJT (Fiber photometry), YG, XG, YH, WZ, HYW, KC, YW (CSDS modeling and behavior tests) and XWC (Ent→Visual cortical projection tracing). JL analyzed the data with inputs from RNJ and HC (code programing). JL and ZVG wrote the manuscript with comments from other authors.

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Correspondence to Peng Xie or Zengcai V. Guo.

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Lu, J., Zhang, Z., Yin, X. et al. An entorhinal-visual cortical circuit regulates depression-like behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 27, 3807–3820 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01540-8

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