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Modern pulmonary imaging of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Journal of Perinatology volume 41, pages 707–717 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex and serious cardiopulmonary morbidity in infants who are born preterm. Despite advances in clinical care, BPD remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality, due in large part to the increased survival of extremely preterm infants. There are few strong early prognostic indicators of BPD or its later outcomes, and evidence for the usage and timing of various interventions is minimal. As a result, clinical management is often imprecise. In this review, we highlight cutting-edge methods and findings from recent pulmonary imaging research that have high translational value. Further, we discuss the potential role that various radiological modalities may play in early risk stratification for development of BPD and in guiding treatment strategies of BPD when employed in varying severities and time-points throughout the neonatal disease course.

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Fig. 1: Clinical imaging of a patient with severe BPD and born extremely preterm (24 weeks gestation), acquired at ~41 weeks corrected gestational age.
Fig. 2: Lung ultrasound in B-mode.
Fig. 3: Comparison of slice-matched chest CT (left) and UTE MRI (right) in a neonatal patient with severe BPD.
Fig. 4: Top: axial views of 3D respiratory‐gated ultrashort echo-time (UTE) MRI in a neonate with tracheomalacia.
Fig. 5: Hyperpolarized 3He gas ventilation MRI in a 2-month-old preterm infant.
Fig. 6: Potential role of pulmonary imaging for preterm infants during their NICU course.

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Funding

The authors were supported by NIH R01 HL146689.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Nara S. Higano & Jason C. Woods

  2. Cincinnati Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Nara S. Higano & Jason C. Woods

  3. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    J. Lauren Ruoss

  4. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Jason C. Woods

  5. Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Jason C. Woods

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Higano, N.S., Ruoss, J.L. & Woods, J.C. Modern pulmonary imaging of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Perinatol 41, 707–717 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-021-00929-7

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