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Impact of dental health intervention on cardiovascular metabolic risk: a pilot study of Japanese adults

Journal of Human Hypertension (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether a dental health education program would reduce cardiometabolic risk (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia) in people with periodontitis. We used annual check-up data provided by the Japanese company’s health insurance union. Of 182 male employees with cardiometabolic risk and periodontal pockets at baseline, 21 participants of the dental health education program and 21 non-participants matched for age, the presence of obesity, and periodontal pocket at baseline were allocated to the intervention (mean age, 53.3 ± 7.0) and the non-intervention groups (mean age, 52.9 ± 7.0), respectively. The program focused on self-removal of dental plaque with a toothbrush and interdental brush and comprised five sessions over 12 months. In the intervention group, waist circumference (cm) and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) decreased from 88.4 ± 6.3 to 86.8 ± 6.3 and from 85.7 ± 8.2 to 82.6 ± 8.3, respectively (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison showed significant improvement of systolic blood pressure (mmHg) in the intervention group (−3.7 ± 12.5) compared with the non-intervention group (4.0 ± 15.9) (P < 0.05) with no significant differences in the other parameters. The intervention group had a decrease in plaque accumulation and periodontitis symptoms, such as the depth of periodontal pocket and the presence of periodontal pocket and bleeding on probing, but an increase in the frequency of interdental brushing and duration of tooth brushing. Our findings show that dental self-care may improve blood pressure in people with cardiometabolic risk factors and periodontitis.

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Fig. 1: Flow chart for the selection of study subjects.

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Funding

This work was supported by Scientific Research (C) [grant number 20K10298] and Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) [grant number 19K19335] from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; the Sato and the Uemura Funds; and the Dental Research Center of the Nihon University School of Dentistry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Lion Foundation for Dental Health, Tokyo, Japan

    Yoji Yamazaki, Toyoko Morita, Yumi Konishi, Ayae Goto & Takashi Yamamoto

  2. Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan

    Toyoko Morita, Kumiko Nakai, Manami Ozaki, Hideki Tanaka & Takayuki Kawato

  3. Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan

    Kumiko Nakai, Manami Ozaki, Hideki Tanaka & Takayuki Kawato

  4. Lion Corporation, Health Care Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Misae Seto

  5. Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan

    Masao Maeno

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Correspondence to Takayuki Kawato.

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Yamazaki, Y., Morita, T., Nakai, K. et al. Impact of dental health intervention on cardiovascular metabolic risk: a pilot study of Japanese adults. J Hum Hypertens (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-021-00551-2

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