Abstract
The original description of the femur-fibula-ulna (FFU) complex included cases which femur, fibula and ulna show defects and which tend to be associated. These cases are usually sporadic.
We present an analysis of 491 cases, registered in the Institute of Human Genetics in Münster, from many different populations and from different years.
Our result, showing nearly equal proportions of the most common malformations in four analysed groups (with one, two, three and four limbs affected) supports the hypothesis that even if one arm or one leg is affected, the cases still may belong to the FFU-complex.
In our study upper limbs are affected slightly more often than lower. All malformations tend to be unilateral than bilateral. The right-side and male-sex are preferentially affected. The limb malformations present in the FFU complex are usually different from those seen in most other types of limb defects. There is virtually no overlap between FFU complex and other limb anomalies, however differential diagnosis will be briefly discussed.
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Zygulska, M., Lenz, W., Bourdais, MA. et al. 124 FEU COMPLEX: AN ANALYSIS OF 491 CASES. Pediatr Res 30, 648 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199112000-00154
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199112000-00154