Abstract
The three-step polymerization process of a well-defined polymeric silane coupling agent, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl-terminated polystyrene, catalyzed by 1 mol/kg KOH–H2O, was traced as a function of reaction time using a gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) technique. A set of GPC traces collected during the polymerization was then converted to two-dimensional (2D) correlation maps, by using generalized 2D correlation analysis. The 2D correlation GPC maps reflected the details of the aggregational behavior (in particular, the aggregate–aggregate correlations) in each step of the polymerization, thus demonstrating the promising potential of this technique.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
I. Noda, Appl. Spectrosc., 44, 550 (1990).
I. Noda, Appl. Spectrosc., 47, 1329 (1993).
I. Noda, A. E. Dowrey, C. Marcott, G. M. Story, and Y. Ozaki, Appl. Spectrosc., 54, 236a (2000).
I. Noda, Y. Liu, Y. Ozaki, and M. Czarnecki, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 3068 (1995).
I. Noda, Y. Liu, and Y. Ozaki, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 8674 (1996).
Y. Ozaki, Y. Liu, and I. Noda, Macromolecules, 30, 2391 (1997).
Y. Ren, M. Shimoyama, T. Ninomiya, K. Matsukawa, H. Inoue, I. Noda, and Y. Ozaki, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 6475 (1999).
N. L. Sefara, N. P. Magtoto, and H. H. Richardson, Appl. Spectrosc., 51, 536 (1997).
T. Ogasawara, A. Nara, H. Okabayashi, E. Nishio, and C. J. O’Connor, Colloid Polym. Sci., 278, 1070 (2000).
K. Izawa, T. Ogasawara, H. Masuda, H. Okabayashi, and I. Noda, Phys. Chem. Comm., 12, 1 (2001).
K. Izawa, T. Ogasawara, H. Masuda, H. Okabayashi, C. J. O’Connor, and I. Noda, Phys. Chem. Comm., 2, 1 (2002).
K. Izawa, T. Ogasawara, H. Masuda, H. Okabayashi, and I. Noda, Macromolecules, 35, 92 (2002).
K. Izawa, T. Ogasawara, H. Masuda, H. Okabayashi, C. J. O’Connor, and I. Noda, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 1053 (2002).
K. Izawa, T. Ogasawara, H. Masuda, H. Okabayashi, C. J. O’Connor, and I. Noda, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 2867 (2002).
H. C. Shmit, Chromatographia, 3, 515 (1970).
J. B. Philips and M. F. Burke, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 4, 495 (1976).
M. Kaljurand and E. Küllik, J. Chromatgr., 186, 145 (1979).
R. Annino and L. E. Bullock, Anal. Chem., 45 (1973).
A. Munir and E. J. Goethals, Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 2, 693 (1981).
K. W. Lee and T. J. MacCarthy, Macromolecules, 21, 3353 (1988).
Y. Chujo, E. Ihara, H. Ihara, and T. Saegusa, Macromolecules, 22, 2040 (1989).
T. H. Mourey, S. M. Miller, J. A. Wesson, T. E. Long, and L. W. Kelts, Macromolecules, 25, 45 (1992).
F. Surivet, T. M. Lam, J. P. Pascault, and Q. T. Pham, Macromolecules, 25, 4309 (1992).
E. Nishio, N. Ikuta, H. Okabayashi, and R. W. Hannah, Appl. Spectrosc., 44, 614 (1990).
L. J. Fetters, N. P. Balsara, J. S. Huang, H. Jeon, K. Almdal, and M. Y. Lin, Macromolecules, 28, 4996 (1995).
J. Stellbrink, L. Willner, O. Jucknischke, D. Richter, P. Lindner, L. J. Fetters, and J. S. Huang, Macromolecules, 31, 4189 (1998).
K. Suzuki, J. Oku, M. Takaki, H. Okabayashi, and C. J. O’Connor, Polym. J., 35, 938 (2003).
K. Suzuki, G. Katsumura, Y. Kondo, J. Oku, and M. Takaki, Kobunshi Ronbunshu, 49, 825 (1994).
K. Suzuki, J. Oku, H. Okabayashi, and C. J. O’Connor, Langmuir, 19, 7611 (2003).
R. K. Iler “The Chemistry of Silica—Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties and Biochemistry,” Wiley, New York, N.Y., 1979, p 175.
K. Izawa, T. Ogasawara, H. Masuda, H. Okabayashi, M. Monkenbusch, and C. J. O’Connor, Colloid Polym. Sci., 280, 725 (2002).
H. Einaga, “Inorganic Synthesis in Solution as a Reaction Field,” Baifukan, Tokyo, 2000, p 169.
M. Takaki, K. Suzuki, Y. Kondo, and J. Oku, Polym. J., 23, 917 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Suzuki, K., Oku, Ji., Izawa, K. et al. Two-dimensional Correlation Gel Permeation Chromatography (2D GPC) Study of Aggregate–Aggregate Interactions during Polymerization of 3-(Triethoxysilyl)propyl-terminated Polystyrene. Polym J 36, 959–970 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.36.959
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.36.959