Abstract
We measured photoinduced refractive index changes of polymer films containing various norbornadiene compounds. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films containing 51.6 wt% of 5,6-(2-benzofuryl)-2,3-di(trifluoromethyl)-1,4,7,7-tetramethyl-2,5-norbornadiene (NBD4) showed refractive index changes of 0.037 during photoisomerization. A polymer film bearing thiophenyl- and benzofuryl- substituted norbornadiene groups (PolyTBFNBD) showed a refractive index change of 0.05–0.06 for 594–632.8 nm during photoisomerization. This value is the largest value of refractive index change so far in a nonresonant region induced by photochemical reactions. Submicron-scale patterning of pure refractive-index contrast on the PolyTBFNBD film was also demonstrated by using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM).
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
K. K. Chakravorty, Appl. Phys. Lett., 61, 1163 (1992).
N. Tanio and M. Irie, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 33, 3942 (1994).
T. Kardinahl and H. Franke, Appl. Phys. A: Mater, Sci. Process., 61, 23 (1995).
S. Xie, A. Natansohn, and P. Rochon, Chem. Mater., 5, 403 (1993).
S. Morino, S. Machida, T. Yamashita, and K. Horie, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 10280 (1995).
F. Ebisawa, H. Hoshino, and K. Sukegawa, Appl. Phys. Lett., 65, 2919 (1994).
S. Morino and K. Horie, in “Photonic and Optoelectronic Polymers”, S. A. Jenekhe and K. J. Wynne, Ed., ACS Symp. Ser., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 1997, vol. 672, p 260.
K. Kinoshita, K. Horie, S. Morino, and T. Nishikubo, Appl. Phys. Lett., 70, 2940 (1996).
K. W. Benson, K. A. Horn, M. McFarland, and J. T. Yardley, Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, 1955 (1991).
S. Murase, K. Kinoshita, K. Horie, and S. Morino, Macromolecules, 30, 8088 (1997).
S. Murase and K. Horie, Macromolecules, 32, 1103 (1999).
S. Murase, M. Ban, and K. Horie, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 38, 6772 (1999).
H. Franke, Appl. Opt., 23, 23 (1984).
C. Xu, K. M. Stengel, L. W. Shacklette, and J. T. Yardley, J. Lightwave Technol., 14, 1704 (1996).
E. A. Chandross, C. A. Pryde, W. J. Tomilinson, and H. P. Wever, Appl. Phys. Lett., 24, 72 (1974).
V. P. Pham, T. Galstyan, A. Granger, and R. A. Lessard, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 36, 429 (1997).
K. Maruyama, H. Tamiaki, and S. Kawabata, J. Org. Chem., 50, 4742 (1985).
I. Nishimura, A. Kameyama, T. Sakurai, and T. Nishikubo, Macromolecules, 29, 3818 (1996).
T. Nagai, I. Takahashi, and M. Shimada, Chem. Lett., 897 (1999).
R. C. Dunn, Chem. Rev., 99, 2329 (1999).
S. Takahashi, K. Samata, H. Muta, S. Machida, and K. Horie, Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, 13 (2001).
S. Takahashi, S. Machida, and K. Horie, J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., 13, 231 (2000).
H. Durr and H. B. Laurent, Ed., “Photochromism: Molecules and Systems”, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, 1990.
P. Rochon, E. Batalla, and A. Natansohn, Appl. Phys. Lett., 66, 136 (1995).
T. Hattori, T. Shibata, S. Onodera, and T. Kaino, J. Appl. Phys., 87, 3240 (2000).
J. K. Trautman, E. Betzig, J. S. Weiner, D. J. Digovanni, T. D. Harris, F. Hallman, and E. M. Gyorgy, J. Appl. Phys., 71, 4659 (1992).
D. A. Higgins, D. A. Vanden Bout, J. Kerimo, and P. F. Barbara, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 13794 (1997).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kato, Y., Muta, H., Takahashi, S. et al. Large Photoinduced Refractive Index Change of Polymer Films Containing and Bearing Norbornadiene Groups and Its Application to Submicron-Scale Refractive-Index Patterning. Polym J 33, 868–873 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.33.868
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.33.868
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
The surface chemistry of norbornadiene and norbornene on Pd(111) and Pd(100): a comparative DFT study
Journal of Molecular Modeling (2023)
-
Effects of aryl substituents in N-acetyl-α-dehydroarylalanine naphthyl ester additive on the photoinduced refractive index change of poly(methyl methacrylate) film
Polymer Journal (2010)