Abstract
Dynamic birefringence and dynamic X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out from 0.008 to 4.3 Hz at various temperatures from −40 to 100°C and also from 0.05 to 3.2 Hz at various temperatures from −30 to 100°C, respectively, in order to study the nature of α and β mechanical dispersions in spherulitic high-density polyethylene. Three mechanical dispersions analogous to the β, α1, and α2 processes were obtained and resolved quantitatively into each component. Two dispersions corresponding to α and β processes were observed in the dynamic birefringence and dynamic crystal orientation studies. These α and β dispersions were interpreted in terms of relative contributions of intralamellar crystal-grain reorientation and lamellar orientation, both of which are associated with the dynamic-tensile deformation of spherulitic crystalline texture. Besides the crystalline contributions, substantial noncrystalline contribution to the α process was seen and is believed to have arisen from the orientation of noncrystalline chains in the crystal-grain boundaries. The noncrystalline contribution to the β process was observed to have a large negative in-phase component and a slightly positive out-of-phase component of the dynamic stress-optical coefficient function. This anomalous behavior is explained in terms of the combined contributions from the orientational and distortional birefringence of interlamellar noncrystalline chains as well as on the basis of negative form birefringence. In the dynamic crystal-lattice deformation studies, two dispersions corresponding to the α1 and α2 mechanical dispersions were detected. The former α1 lattice dispersion is considered to be associated with the α crystal-orientation dispersion, whereas the latter α2 lattice dispersion is believed to be inherent, arising from incoherent lattice vibrations within crystals in which the intermolecular potential suffers a smearing-out effect.
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Kyu, T., Yamada, M., Suehiro, S. et al. Rheo-Optical Studies on the Deformation Mechanism of Semicrystalline Polymers. XII. On the Nature of Alpha and Beta Mechanical Dispersions of High-Density Polyethylene in Relation to the Mechanism of Spherulite Deformation. Polym J 12, 809–834 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.12.809
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.12.809
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