Protein toxins are known to translocate through intracellular membranes to reach their cytosolic targets. Results from studies with botulinum neurotoxin suggest that the toxin heavy chain functions as both a channel and a chaperone for translocation of the catalytically active light chain.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$189.00 per year
only $15.75 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Koriazova, L.K. & Montal, M. Nat. Struct. Biol. 10, 13–18 (2003).
Maksymowych, A.B. & Simpson, L.L. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 21950–21957 (1998).
Lacy, D.B., Tepp, W., Cohen, A.C., DasGupta, B.R. & Stevens, R.C. Nat. Struct. Biol. 5, 898–902 (1998).
Swaminathan, S. & Eswaramoorthy, S. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7, 693–699 (2000).
Herreros, J., Lalli, G.l., Montecucco, C. & Schiavo, G. in The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (eds. Alouf, J.E. & Freer, J.H.) 202–228 (Academic Press Ltd., London, 1999).
Hammond, K., Caputo, G.A. & London, E. Biochemistry 41, 3243–3253 (2002).
Fischer, P.M., Krausz, E. & Lane, D.P. Bioconjug. Chem. 12, 825–841 (2001).
Sandvig, K. & van Deurs, B. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 18, 1–24 (2002).
Matlack, K.E.S., Mothes, W. & Rapoport, T.A. Cell 92, 381–390 (1998).
Suzuki, T., Yan, Q. & Lennardz, W.J. J. Biol. Chem. 372, 10083–10086 (1998).
Sandvig, K. & van Deurs, B. FEBS Lett. 529, 49–53 (2002).
Sandvig, K. et al. Histochem. Cell Biol. 117, 131–141 (2002).
Falnes, P.O., Choe, S., Madshus, I.H., Wilson, B.A. & Olsnes, S. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 8402–8407 (1994).
Wesche, J., Elliott, J.L., Falnes, P.O., Olsnes, S. & Collier, R.J. Biochemistry 37, 15737–15746 (1998).
Papini, E., Rappouli, R., Murgia, M. & Montecucco, C. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 1567–1574 (1993).
Oh, K.J., Senzel, L., Collier, R.J. & Finkelstein, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 8467–8470 (1999).
Finkelstein, A. et al. Intl. J. Med. Microbiol. 290, 435–440 (2000).
Lemichez, E. et al. Mol. Microbiol. 23, 445–457 (1997).
Jost, W.H. (ed.) J. Neurol. 248 (Suppl. 1), 1–44 (2001).
Verheyden, J. & Blitzer, A. Dis. Mon. 48, 357–366 (2002).
Schiavo, G. & van der Groot, F.G. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 530–537 (2001).
Simpson, L.L. Biochimie 82, 943–953 (2000).
Li, Y. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 31394–31401 (2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Neale, E. Moving across membranes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 10, 2–3 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb0103-2
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb0103-2
This article is cited by
-
Moving across membranes
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (2003)
