Giving children with acute pyelonephritis vitamin A or E supplements together with antibiotics may reduce renal scarring, say researchers in Iran. Sobouti et al. randomly assigned 61 children with acute pyelonephritis to 10 days of treatment with antibiotics alone (n = 25), antibiotics with vitamin A supplements (n = 17) or antibiotics with vitamin E supplements (n = 18). A worsening of lesions occurred in 42.5% of the antibiotics alone group, none of the vitamin E group and 23.3% of the vitamin A group.