The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A subtype H5N1, which has spread from China and Southeast Asia to Europe and Africa, could result in a global pandemic if mutations occur that confer the capacity for person-to-person transmission. Therefore, there is a great need for a suitable vaccine. However, a recent study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (21 February 2006) indicates that a generic H5N1 vaccine, which has been ordered by the British Government, might not be effective (Times Online, 14 February 2006). The avian influenza virus was first identified in Guangdong Province (China) in 1996 and has been in constant circulation in market poultry ever since. It can be carried by apparently healthy migratory birds, and there are distinct regional viral sublineages. The researchers conclude that “The antigenic diversity of viruses currently circulating in Southeast Asia and southern China challenges the wisdom of reliance on a single vaccine for pandemic preparedness.” A spokesperson for GlaxoSmithKline, one of the companies developing such a generic vaccine, stated that “We know that the virus will mutate, but we think there will be a lot of value in creating something that acts against H5N1.” (Times Online, 14 February 2006.)

In another story, the United States Health and Human Services Secretary, Mike Leavitt, has announced that he is ready to make use of new, controversial legislation that gives him the power to protect vaccine manufacturers from liability lawsuits over pandemic influenza vaccines. “If you're a manufacturer, you're likely to not want to move to [trials] without the protection”, said Leavitt (United Press International, 13 February 2006). Democrats have attacked the plan, which could see companies avoid lawsuits even if they are negligent in safeguarding vaccine purity during manufacturing.