Rescue and recovery workers exposed to debris and fumes following the 9/11 World Trade Center terrorist attack have an increased risk of different types of cancer, according to a study published in JAMA. The cancer incidence among 55,778 New York State residents in the World Trade Center Health Registry, including 21,850 rescue workers and 33,928 volunteers not involved with the rescue work, were compared. Among those enrolled in the Health Registry, there was an excess risk for prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and multiple myeloma in 2007–2008 compared with that for New York State residents. However, given the relatively short follow-up period and lack of screening data, the increased incidence in these cancers should be interpreted with caution, as longer follow-up data are needed.