Using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry to detect the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in surgically resected gliomas, Santagata, Eberlin and colleagues showed that those gliomas with mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) could be rapidly identified during surgery. Detection of 2-HG revealed the tumour margins and could thus be used to improve surgery and patient care.