Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Commentary
  • Published:

Exploring the dwarf planets

This year, NASA's Dawn and New Horizons rendezvoused with Ceres and Pluto, respectively. These worlds, despite their modest sizes, have much to teach us about the accretion of the Solar System and its dynamical evolution.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Early views of Ceres (left) and Pluto (right).

NASA / JPL-CALTECH / UCLA / MPS / DLR / IDA (LEFT) NASA / JHUAPL / SWRI (RIGHT)

References

  1. Kuiper, G. P. in Planets and Satellites (eds Kuiper, G. P. & Middlehurst, B. M.) 575–591 (Univ. Chicago Press, 1961).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Bottke, W. F. et al. (eds) Asteroids III (Univ. Arizona Press, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  3. McKinnon, W. B. in Treatise on Geophysics 2nd edn, Vol. 10 (ed. Schubert, G.) 637–651 (Elsevier, 2015).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Malhotra, R. Nature 365, 819–821 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fernandez, J. A. & Ip, W. H. Icarus 58, 109–120 (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Tsiganis, K. et al. Nature 435, 459–461 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Morbidelli, A. et al. Nature 435, 462–465 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gomes, R. et al. Nature 435, 466–469 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Levison, H. F. et al. Icarus 196, 258–273 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Walsh, K. J. et al. Nature 475, 206–209 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kenyon, S. J. & Bromley, B. C. Astron. J. 143, 63 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Levison, H. F. et al. Nature 460, 364–366 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Canup, R. M. Astron. J. 141, 35 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Peale, S. J. & Canup, R. M. in Treatise on Geophysics 2nd edn, Vol. 10 (ed. Schubert, G.) 559–604 (Elsevier, 2015).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. Showalter, M. R. & Hamilton, D. P. Nature 522, 45–49 (2015).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Young, L. A. et al. Space Sci. Rev. 140, 93–127 (2008).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Brozović, M. et al. Icarus 246, 317–329 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Moore, J. M. et al. Icarus 246, 65–81 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Johansen, A., Youdin, A. N. & Lithwick, Y. Astron. Astrophys. 537, A125 (2012).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nesvorný, D., Youdin, A. N. & Richardson, D. C. Astron. J. 140, 785–793 (2010).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Raymond, M. Dawn Blog http://go.nature.com/AjIUr7 (28 May 2015).

  22. McCord, T. B. & Sotin, C. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 110, E05009 (2005).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bland, M. T. Icarus 226, 510–521 (2013).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Milliken, R. E. & Rivkin, A. S. Nature Geosci. 2, 258–261 (2009).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Altwegg, K. et al. Science 347, 1261952 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Küppers, M. et al. Nature 505, 525–527 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Trujillo, C. A. & Sheppard, S. S. Nature 507, 471–474 (2014).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to William B. McKinnon.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

McKinnon, W. Exploring the dwarf planets. Nature Phys 11, 608–611 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3394

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3394

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing