Serratia marcescens MB2, a bacteria found from Meghalaya (top) and antibiotic-producing bacteria Streptomyces asoensis AMB2, isolated from Assam. Credit: NEMiD
North east India, a biodiversity hotspot, is known for its rich faunal diversity that includes hornbills, elephants and the one-horned rhinoceros. However, the region's vibrant microbial diversity has remained largely obscure.
A team of researchers from the North-Eastern Hill University in Shillong, Meghalaya have now developed a web-based microbe database that details information about soil microbes in north east India. The database, called the North East India Microbial Database (NEMiD), currently has information on 229 bacteria and fungi isolated from Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim and parts of North Bengal.
The information on microbial diversity could be of value for biotechnology and bio-prospection. The diversity patterns can also be used to monitor environmental changes including their links with climate change, the researchers say.
The team collected soil samples from over 140 sites across these states, isolated the soil microbes, analysed their biochemical characteristics and molecular markers, sequenced their 16S rRNA and mapped their geographic distribution. Then they added all this data to NEMiD.
In future, the team hopes to collect samples from unexplored territories such as agricultural fields, water bodies and very high altitudes. Santa Ram Joshi, an associate professor at the University who led the project told Nature India the database would expand significantly in days to come. It has been designed to ensure data integrity and future expandability. Work on the database started way back in 2008 with funding from India's communications and information technology ministry.
Tarun Chandra Bora, a scientist at the North East Institute of Science and Technology in Jorhat, Assam, says the database focuses on the microbes of the north east gene pool. "The functional diversity of the strains would be very useful for research in industrial and pharmaceutical sectors as also in public health utilities."
