Atmospheric CO2 levels were much lower during the last glacial maximum than in the pre-industrial period. Ice-core data and biogeochemical modelling suggest that difference is partly due to the greater mass of inert carbon in glacial terrestrial biomes.
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Claussen, M. Hidden glacial carbon. Nature Geosci 5, 6–7 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1351
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1351