Lymphotoxin and IL-22

Jeff Browning provides an insightful look at recent findings implicating a role for lymphotoxin-b-receptor signaling in interleukin-22 production by innate lymphoid cells. See page 228

New insights into oral tolerance

Oliver Pabst and Allan Mowat discuss new data and provide a stepwise model for understanding the mechanisms underlying oral tolerance to food proteins. See page 232

IL-17 in the pathogenesis of IBD

Takanori Kanai and colleagues describe recent findings regarding the role of interleukin-17A in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. See page 240

HIV shedding during ART

Prameet Sheth and colleagues demonstrate that cytomegalovirus reactivation is not the culprit in intermittent shedding of HIV in the semen of patients on antiretroviral therapy. They provide data correlating viral shedding with the presence of activated T cells. See page 248

Protecting neutrophils with IL-6

Oliver Dienz and colleagues show that interleukin-6 is necessary for the resolution of influenza infection by virtue of its ability to protect neutrophils from virus-induced cell death. See page 258

Oral desensitization with omalizamab coadministration

Denis Bedoret and colleagues describe a novel and effective method for orally desensitizing children with significant cow’s milk allergy by coadministering omalizamab, a monoclonal anti–immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody. See page 267

Mucosal inflammation and HIV risk

Julie Lajoie and co-workers found that HIV-1-exposed but seronegative commercial sex workers from Nairobi expressed a distinct pattern of cytokines and chemokines in their genital mucosa. The pattern indicates less inflammation and T-cell trafficking to local mucosal tissues, consistent with the immune quiescence model of protection. See page 277

NLRC4 in the intestine

Frederic Carvalho and colleagues show that the NLRC4 inflammasome is important for protecting the intestine in dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis and Salmonella infection but has little role in the activation of the innate immune system following experimental flagellin administration. See page 288

IL-4R and pulmonary cryptococcosis

Uwe Müller and co-workers demonstrate an essential role for interleukin-4R on T helper (Th) cells in susceptibility to Th2-dependent bronchopulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection. See page 299

Novel adenovirus vaccine expressing reovirus σ1

Eric Weaver and colleagues report on a novel adenovirus vaccine that displays the 1 protein from reovirus to target epithelial cells. See page 311

Th17 responses to N. gonorrhoeae

Yingru Liu and co-workers examine the ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to drive T helper type 17 cell differentiation via the induction of transforming growth factor-b production. See page 320

iTregs and airway hyperresponsiveness

Deborah Strickland and colleagues show that the high susceptibility of the BN rat strain to aeroallergen-induced persistent airway hyperresponsiveness is associated with deficiencies in inducible T-regulatory cell function and trafficking. See page 332

TSLP and the atopic march

Hongwei Han and co-workers established a role for skin-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the exacerbation of experimental asthma in a novel mouse model of the “atopic march.” See page 342