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An assessment of the exposure of Americans to perfluorooctane sulfonate: A comparison of estimated intake with values inferred from NHANES data

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 21, pages 150–168 (2011)Cite this article

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Abstract

To better understand human exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), a model that assesses exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its precursors from both an intake and a body burden perspective and combines the two with a simple pharmacokinetic (PK) model is demonstrated. Exposure pathways were modeled under “typical” and “contaminated” scenarios, for young children and adults. A range of intakes was also estimated from serum concentrations of PFOS reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) using a first-order 1-compartment PK model. Total PFOS intakes (medians summed over all pathways) were estimated as: 160 and 2200 ng/day for adults and 50 and 640 ng/day for children under typical and contaminated scenarios, respectively. Food ingestion appears to be the primary route of exposure in the general population. For children, the contribution from dust ingestion is nearly as great as from food ingestion. Pathway-specific contributions span several orders of magnitude and exhibit considerable overlap. PK modeling suggests central tendency PFOS intakes for adults range between 1.6 and 24.2 ng/kg-bw/day, and the forward-based intake estimates are within this range. The favorable comparison reported between the forward-modeled and the back-calculated range of intake predictions lends validity to the proposed framework.

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Acknowledgements

We thank our colleagues in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (ORD) and the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics for their discussions, reviews, and comments. We particularly thank Linda Sheldon, Andrew Lindstrom, and Mark Strynar for their expert advice and discussions about the published data. We are also indebted to our reviewers, Nicolle Tulve and Daniel Chang of the ORD.

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  1. Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 TW Alexander Dr. (MD E205-04), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27711, USA

    Peter P Egeghy

  2. Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20460, USA,

    Matthew Lorber

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  1. Peter P Egeghy
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Correspondence to Peter P Egeghy.

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. Although it has been subjected to Agency's administrative review and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.

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Egeghy, P., Lorber, M. An assessment of the exposure of Americans to perfluorooctane sulfonate: A comparison of estimated intake with values inferred from NHANES data. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 21, 150–168 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2009.73

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2009.73

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