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Nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensors for biomonitoring chemical exposures

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 19, pages 1–18 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

The coupling of dosimetry measurements and modeling represents a promising strategy for deciphering the relationship between chemical exposure and disease outcome. To support the development and implementation of biological monitoring programs, quantitative technologies for measuring xenobiotic exposure are needed. The development of portable nanotechnology-based electrochemical (EC) sensors has the potential to meet the needs for low cost, rapid, high-throughput, and ultrasensitive detectors for biomonitoring an array of chemical markers. Highly selective EC sensors capable of pM sensitivity, high-throughput and low sample requirements (<50 μl) are discussed. These portable analytical systems have many advantages over currently available technologies, thus potentially representing the next generation of biomonitoring analyzers. This paper highlights research focused on the development of field-deployable analytical instruments based on EC detection. Background information and a general overview of EC detection methods and integrated use of nanomaterials in the development of these sensors are provided. New developments in EC sensors using various types of screen-printed electrodes, integrated nanomaterials, and immunoassays are presented. Recent applications of EC sensors for assessing exposure to pesticides or detecting biomarkers of disease are highlighted to demonstrate the ability to monitor chemical metabolites, enzyme activity, or protein biomarkers of disease. In addition, future considerations and opportunities for advancing the use of EC platforms for dosimetric studies are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) supported partially by grant number NS058161-01 from the National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, partially by CDC/NIOSH Grant R01 OH008173, and partially by grant number U54 ES16015 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Federal Government. The research described in this paper was partly performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Monitoring and Modeling Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

    Richard C Barry & Charles A Timchalk

  2. Interfacial and Nanoscale Science Facility, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

    Yuehe Lin, Jun Wang & Guodong Liu

  3. Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA

    Guodong Liu

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  1. Richard C Barry
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  2. Yuehe Lin
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  3. Jun Wang
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  4. Guodong Liu
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  5. Charles A Timchalk
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Correspondence to Charles A Timchalk.

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Barry, R., Lin, Y., Wang, J. et al. Nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensors for biomonitoring chemical exposures. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 19, 1–18 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2008.71

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2008.71

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