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Exposure information in environmental health research: Current opportunities and future directions for particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air pollutants

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 19, pages 30–44 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

Understanding and quantifying outdoor and indoor sources of human exposure are essential but often not adequately addressed in health effect studies for air pollution. Air pollution epidemiology, risk assessment, health tracking, and accountability assessments are examples of health effect studies that require but often lack adequate exposure information. Recent advances in exposure modeling along with better information on time–activity and exposure factor data provide us with unique opportunities to improve the assignment of exposures for both future and ongoing studies linking air pollution to health impacts. In September 2006, scientists from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention along with scientists from the academic community and state health departments convened a symposium on air pollution exposure and health to identify, evaluate, and improve current approaches for linking air pollution exposures to disease. This manuscript presents the key issues, challenges, and recommendations identified by the exposure working group, who used case studies of particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air-pollutant exposure to evaluate health effects for air pollution. One of the overarching lessons of this workshop is that obtaining better exposure information for these different health effect studies requires both goal setting for what is needed and mapping out the transition pathway from current capabilities for meeting these goals. Meeting our long-term goals requires definition of incremental steps that provide useful information for the interim and move us toward our long-term goals. Another overarching theme among the three different pollutants and the different health study approaches is the need for integration among alternate exposure-assessment approaches. For example, different groups may advocate exposure indicators, biomonitoring, mapping methods (GIS), modeling, environmental media monitoring, and/or personal exposure modeling. However, emerging research reveals that the greatest progress comes from integration among two or more of these efforts.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the excellent contributions made by the symposium attendees who participated in the exposure break-out group discussions on the second day of the meeting.

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  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

    Thomas E McKone

  2. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    P Barry Ryan

  3. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    Halûk Özkaynak

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract no. EP06D000722 to Dr. P. Barry Ryan and through Interagency Agreement DW-89-93058201-1 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory through the US Department of Energy under Contract Grant no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. This work was also supported by Cooperative Agreement number U19/EH000097-03 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

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McKone, T., Ryan, P. & Özkaynak, H. Exposure information in environmental health research: Current opportunities and future directions for particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air pollutants. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 19, 30–44 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2008.3

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