Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Original Article
  • Published:

Nutritional regulation of interleukin-6 release from adipocytes

International Journal of Obesity volume 34, pages 1328–1332 (2010)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background and aims:

As interleukin-6 (IL-6) has an important role in general metabolism with high circulating levels in obesity and other associated diseases, the factors regulating its synthesis and release have been considered possible therapeutic targets and have recently been studied. We examined the influence of three different diets, each having a different fatty acid composition—saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated (coconut oil, olive oil and sunflower oil diets), on IL-6 release from rat adipocytes, and the interaction between diet and other regulatory factors of IL-6 release, such as epinephrine.

Methods:

A group of rats was assigned to one of the three different diets, each with a significantly different concentration of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Samples were taken from the omental adipose tissue for measurement of the triacylglycerol fatty acid composition of the tissues and for adipocyte isolation. IL-6 release from adipocytes was measured in vitro, under nonstimulated conditions and also with two concentrations of epinephrine in the medium.

Results:

Animals fed with the olive oil diet showed lower values of IL-6 release with and without epinephrine stimulation. IL-6 release from adipocytes varied according to the diet, but not according to epinephrine dose. However, a significant interaction was found between the epinephrine dose and the diet in IL-6 release regulation.

Conclusions:

IL-6 release from adipocytes was markedly regulated by the dietary fatty acid composition, even under epinephrine stimulation, with lower values of IL-6 release in the olive oil diet. The study also showed that epinephrine regulation of IL-6 release was related to the diet.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Spiegelman BM, Flier JS . Adipogenesis and obesity: rounding out the big picture. Cell 1996; 87: 377–389.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sopasakis VR, Sandqvist M, Gustafson B, Hammarstedt A, Schmelz M, Yang X et al. High local concentrations and effects on differentiation implicate interleukin-6 as a paracrine regulator. Obes Res 2004; 12: 454–460.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kishimoto T, Hirano T . Molecular regulation of B lymphocyte response. Annu Rev Immunol 1988; 6: 485–512.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Mitani H, Katayama N, Araki H, Ohishi K, Kobayashi K, Suzuki H et al. Activity of interleukin 6 in the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and dendritic cells. Br J Haematol 2000; 109: 288–295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pedersen BK, Steensberg A, Fischer C, Keller C, Keller P, Plomgaard P et al. Searching for the exercise factor: is IL-6 a candidate? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2003; 24: 113–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sabio G, Das M, Mora A, Zhang Z, Jun JY, Ko HJ et al. A stress signaling pathway in adipose tissue regulates hepatic insulin resistance. Science 2008; 322: 1539–1543.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Eder K, Baffy N, Falus A, Fulop AK . The major inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 and obesity. Inflamm Res 2009; 58: 727–736.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Black PH . The inflammatory consequences of psychologic stress: relationship to insulin resistance, obesity, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, type II. Med Hypotheses 2006; 67: 879–891.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Vicennati V, Vottero A, Friedman C, Papanicolaou DA . Hormonal regulation of interleukin-6 production in human adipocytes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26: 905–911.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Goossens GH, Jocken JW, van Baak MA, Jansen EH, Saris WH, Blaak EE . Short-term beta-adrenergic regulation of leptin, adiponectin and interleukin-6 secretion in vivo in lean and obese subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10: 1029–1038.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Budge H, Sebert S, Sharkey D, Symonds ME . Session on ‘Obesity’. Adipose tissue development, nutrition in early life and its impact on later obesity. Proc Nutr Soc 2009; 68: 321–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Soriguer F, Moreno F, Rojo-Martinez G, Cardona F, Tinahones F, Gomez-Zumaquero JM et al. Redistribution of abdominal fat after a period of food restriction in rats is related to the type of dietary fat. Br J Nutr 2003; 89: 115–122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Juhasz A, Katona E, Csongradi E, Paragh G . [The regulation of body mass and its relation to the development of obesity]. Orv Hetil 2007; 148: 1827–1836.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jimenez-Gomez Y, Lopez-Miranda J, Blanco-Colio LM, Marin C, Perez-Martinez P, Ruano J et al. Olive oil and walnut breakfasts reduce the postprandial inflammatory response in mononuclear cells compared with a butter breakfast in healthy men. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204: e70–e76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hennig B, Meerarani P, Ramadass P, Watkins BA, Toborek M . Fatty acid-mediated activation of vascular endothelial cells. Metabolism 2000; 49: 1006–1013.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Reeves PG, Nielsen FH, Fahey Jr GC . AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 1993; 123: 1939–1951.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hamilton S, Hamilton RJ, Sewell PA . Extraction of lipids and derivative formation. In: Hamilton RJ, Hamilton S (eds). Lipid Analysis. A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Soriguer F, Rojo-Martinez G, Dobarganes MC, Garcia Almeida JM, Esteva I, Beltran M et al. Hypertension is related to the degradation of dietary frying oils. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78: 1092–1097.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rodbell M . Metabolism of isolated fat cells. VI. The effects of insulin, lipolytic hormones, and theophylline on glucose transport and metabolism in ‘ghosts’. J Biol Chem 1967; 242: 5751–5756.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Goldrick RB . Morphological changes in the adipocyte during fat deposition and mobilization. Am J Physiol 1967; 212: 777–782.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. DiGirolamo M, Fine JB, Tagra K, Rossmanith R . Qualitative regional differences in adipose tissue growth and cellularity in male Wistar rats fed ad libitum. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: R1460–R1467.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Spranger J, Kroke A, Mohlig M, Hoffmann K, Bergmann MM, Ristow M et al. Inflammatory cytokines and the risk to develop type 2 diabetes: results of the prospective population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study. Diabetes 2003; 52: 812–817.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Flachs P, Mohamed-Ali V, Horakova O, Rossmeisl M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Hensler M et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin induce adiponectin in mice fed a high-fat diet. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 394–397.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hoene M, Weigert C . The role of interleukin-6 in insulin resistance, body fat distribution and energy balance. Obes Rev 2008; 9: 20–29.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Garcia-Escobar E, Soriguer F, Garcia-Serrano S, Gomez-Zumaquero JM, Morcillo S, Haro J et al. Dietary oleic acid and adipocyte lipolytic activity in culture. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19: 727–731.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Pinkney JH, Coppack SW, Mohamed-Ali V . Effect of isoprenaline on plasma leptin and lipolysis in humans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998; 48: 407–411.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Ian Johnstone for help with the English language version of the paper. This study was undertaken with financial support from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI021480 and the Metabolism and Nutrition Network RCMYN C03-08) and Junta de Andalucía (02/03, 125/02, 115/02).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya (Fundación IMABIS), Malaga, Spain

    E García-Escobar, S García-Serrano, J M Gómez-Zumaquero, J J Haro-Mora, F Soriguer & G Rojo-Martínez

  2. CIBER of the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03/0018) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain

    E García-Escobar, S García-Serrano, J M Gómez-Zumaquero, J J Haro-Mora, F Soriguer & G Rojo-Martínez

  3. CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019 of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain

    E García-Escobar, S García-Serrano, J M Gómez-Zumaquero, J J Haro-Mora, F Soriguer & G Rojo-Martínez

  4. Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    F Rodríguez-Pacheco

Authors
  1. E García-Escobar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F Rodríguez-Pacheco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S García-Serrano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J M Gómez-Zumaquero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J J Haro-Mora
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. F Soriguer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. G Rojo-Martínez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E García-Escobar.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

García-Escobar, E., Rodríguez-Pacheco, F., García-Serrano, S. et al. Nutritional regulation of interleukin-6 release from adipocytes. Int J Obes 34, 1328–1332 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.70

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.70

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links