Abstract
Electrodiagnostic tests as applied to the eye are now widely used in the investigation of patients with inherited retinal degenerations but their value in patients with opaque media is perhaps less well recognised. The choice of stimulus is all important and a flash VEP and flash ERG probably provide the best combination of tests at present. A comparison with the fellow eye, if it is normal, greatly improves the value of the result. A pitfall of this type of test is its failure to detect amblyopia and a carefully recorded history is important in helping to interpret the traces.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Scheerer R : die Entoptische Sichtbarkeit der Blutbewegung im Auge und ihre klinische Bedeutung. Klin Monatsb Augenheilkd 1924; 73: 67–107.
Sinclair SH, Loebl M, Riva CE : Blue field entoptic phenomenon in cataract patients. Arch Ophthalmol 1979; 97: 1092–5.
Gstalder RJ and Green DG : Laser interferometry in corneal opacification. Arch Ophthalmol 1972; 87: 269–74.
Faulkner W : Laser interferometric prediction of postoperative acuity in patients with cataracts. Am J Ophthalmol 1983; 96: 626–36.
Armington IC : ‘The Electroretinogram’ 1974. p. 402–405. Academic Press. New York, San Francisco, London.
Feinsod M, Rowe H, Auerbach E : Changes in the Electroretinogram in patients with optic nerve lesions. Doc Ophthalmol 1971, 29: 169–200.
Galloway NR : ‘Ophthalmic Electrodiagnosis’ 1981. p. 86–147. Lloyd Luke Ltd. London.
Halliday AM : Evoked potentials in clinical testing 1982. p 99 Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, New York.
Adrian ED : Rod and cone components in the electric response of the eye. J Physiol 1946, 105: 24–37.
Karpe G : Flicker electroretinography. Ophthalmologica Belgica XVIII Concilium 1958: 607–14.
Knighton RW and Blankenship GW : Int Ophthalmol Clinics 1980; 20: 1–19. Little, Brown & Co, Boston.
Burian HM and Burns CA : A note on senile cataracts and the electroretinogram. Doc Ophthalmol 1966; 20: 1141.
Mikawa T and Tamura O : Relation between the electroretinogram and post operation vision in cataract. Jpn J Clin Ophthalmol (Rinsho Ganka) 1970; 24: 43–6.
Hess RF and Garner LF : The effect of corneal oedema on visual function. Invest Ophthalmol 1977; 16: 5–13.
Hess RF and Woo G : Vision through cataracts. Invest Ophthalmol 1978; 17: 428–35.
LeClaire J, Nadler P, Weiss S, Miller D : A new glare tester for clinical testing. Results comparing normal subjects and variously corrected aphakic patients. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 153–8.
Copenhaver RM and Perry NW : Factors affecting visually evoked cortical potentials such as impaired vision of varying aetiology. Invest Ophthalmol 1964; 3: 665–75.
Skalka H and Holman J : Effect of pupillary dilatation in flash VER testing. Doc Ophthalmol 1986; 63: 321–4.
Holder GE and Huber MJE : The effect of miosis on pattern and flash ERG and pattern Visual Evoked Potential. Doc Ophthal Proc Series 1984; 40: 109–16.
Thompson CRS and Harding GFA : The visual evoked potential in patients with cataracts. Doc Ophthalmol Proc Series 1978; 15: 193.
Rubin ML and Dawson WW : The transscleral VER: Prediction of postoperative acuity. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 1978; 17: 71.
Babel J, Stangos N, Korol S, Spiritus M : Ocular Electrophysiology: A clinical and experimental study of electroretinogram, electro-oculogram and visually evoked response. Stuttgart. George Thieme Publishers. 1977; 1–172.
Foerster MH and Li XX : Evaluation of the central retina and optic nerve function in media opacities. Doc Ophthalmol, 1986; 63: 101–6.
Vrijland HR and van Lith GHM : The value of preoperative electro-ophthalmological examination before cataract extraction. Doc Ophthalmol, 1983; 55: 153–6.
Arden GB and Sheory UB : The assessment of visual function in patients with opacities. A new evoked potential method using a laser interferometer. In Desmedt JE (Ed) Visual Evoked Potential in Man: New Developments. Oxford: Clarendon 1977; p 381–94.
Simonsen SE : The value of the oscillatory potential in selecting juvenile patients at risk of developing proliferative retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 1980; 58: 865–78.
Wachmeister L : Basic research and clinical aspects of the oscillatory potential of the electroretinogram. Doc Ophthalmologica, 1987; 66: 187–94.
Bresnick GH and Palta M : Oscillatory potential amplitudes. Relation to severity of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol, 1987; 105: 929–33.
Good PA, Marsters JB, Mortimer MJ : Flash stimulation evoked potentials in diagnosis of chronic glaucoma. Lancet, ii: 1987; 1259–60.
Scherfig E, Edmund J, Tinning S, Trojaborg W : Flash visual evoked potential as a prognostic factor for vitreous operations in diabetic eyes. Ophthalmology, 1984; 91: 1475–9.
Tolentino F, Schepens CL, Freeman HM : Vitreoretinal disorders; Diagnosis and management. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1976; 539–9.
Fuller DG and Hutton WL : Presurgical evaluation of eyes with opaque media New York. Grune & Sttratton, 1982; 48–60.
Perlman I, Gdalon M, Miller B, Zonis S : Retinal function of the diabetic retina after argon laser photocoagulation assessed electroretinographically. Br J Ophthalmol, 1985; 69: 240–6.
François J, De Rouck A, Cambie E, Castanheira-Dinis A : Electrophysiological studies before and after argon laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmologica, 1978: 176: 133–44.
Bach M and Rover J : Der prognostische Wert von ERG, Ultraschall und YEP bei Glaskorperblutungen. Fortsch Ophthalmol 1984; 81: 274–6.
Crews SJ, Thompson CRS, Harding GFA : The ERG and YEP in patients with severe eye injury. Doc Ophthalmol Proc Series, 1978; 15: 203–9.
Rendahl I : The clinical electroretinogram in detachment of the retina. Acta Ophthalmol, 1961; 64: 1–83.
Frumar KD, Gregor ZJ, Carter RM, Arden GB : Electroretinographic changes after vitrectomy and intraocular tamponade. Retina, 1985; 5: 16–21.
Momirov D, Van Lith GHM, Zivojnovic R : Electroretinogram and electro-oculogram of eyes with intravitreously injected silicone oil. Ophthalmologica. 1983; 186: 183–8.
Meredith TA, Lindsey DT, Edelhauser HF, Goldman AI : Electroretinographic studies following vitrectomy and intraocular silicone oil injection. Br J Ophthalmol, 1985; 69: 254–60.
Foerster MH, Esser J, Laqua H : Silicone oil and its influence on electrophysiological findings. Am J Ophthalmol, 1985; 99: 201–6.
Wendel RT, Mannis MJ, Keltner JL . Role of electrophysiologic testing in the preoperative evaluation of corneal transplant patients. Ann Ophthalmol, 1984; 16: 788–93.
Binder PS, Avazuddin M, Hintze R : Visual prognosis for corneal transplantation based on preoperative visual evoked potential and electroretinogram. Ophthalmology, 1982; 89: 661–2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Presented at the Annual Congress of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom, April, 1988
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Galloway, N. Electrophysiological testing of eyes with opaque media. Eye 2, 615–624 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1988.114
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1988.114
This article is cited by
-
Impact of keratoprosthesis implantation on retinal and visual pathway function assessed by electrophysiological testing
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology (2023)
-
The influence of mild cataract on ISCEV standard electroretinogram recorded from mydriatic eyes
Documenta Ophthalmologica (2021)
-
Effects of cataracts on flicker electroretinograms recorded with RETevalâ„¢ system: new mydriasis-free ERG device
BMC Ophthalmology (2016)
-
Effects of different degrees of cataract on the multifocal electroretinogram
Eye (2004)