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Daily mercury intake in fish-eating populations in the Brazilian Amazon

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 18, pages 76–87 (2008)Cite this article

Abstract

Although high levels of fish consumption and bioindicators of mercury exposure have been reported for traditional populations in the Amazon, little is known about their actual daily intake of Hg. Using an ecosystem approach, calculate daily mercury intake in adult fish-eaters, examine the relations between mercury intake and bioindicators of exposure and the factors that influence these relations. A cross-sectional dietary survey on fish and fruit consumption frequency was carried out with 256 persons from six villages of the Tapajós River. Fish portion per meal was determined. Mercury concentration was determined for 1123 local fish specimens. Daily mercury intake (μg/kg/day) was determined for men and women from each village using the average fish-mercury concentration for the fish caught in their fishing zone, the average quantity of fish per meal, fish-species frequency consumption and participants’ body weight. Fish-mercury averaged 0.33 μg/g±0.33. Daily mercury intake varied between 0 and 11.8 μg/kg/day (mean 0.92 μg/kg/day±0.89) and varied by gender and village. Mean blood- and hair-mercury were 58.7±36.1 μg/l and 17.9±11.5 μg/g, respectively. There was a strong and positive relation between blood-mercury and daily mercury intake, with an inverse relation for fruit intake and schooling; significant variations were observed with immigrant status, and among villages. Hair-mercury was directly associated with daily mercury intake and inversely related to schooling and fruit consumption. Fruit consumption modified the relation between daily mercury intake and blood-mercury levels: for the same daily mercury intake, persons eating more fruit had lower blood-mercury concentrations (ANCOVA Interaction term: F=10.9, P<0.0001). The median difference of the ratio of blood-mercury to daily mercury intake between low and high fruit consumers was 26, representing a 26.3% reduction. These findings reveal high levels of daily mercury intake. Rigorous studies for developing risk-based reference doses in the Amazon should be undertaken to orient viable risk-management strategies to reduce exposure, while maintaining fish diet.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the villagers of the Tapajós River who participated in this survey. We acknowledge Marie-Ève Thibault and Isabelle Rheault for their administrative and laboratory assistance, and to the Canadian International Development Research Center (IDRC) for its financial support. CJSP is recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Brazilian Federal Agency for Graduate Studies (CAPES, Ministry of Education).

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  1. Carlos José Sousa Passos: Doctoral fellow of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Ministry of Education, Brazil.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la biologie, la santé, la société et l’environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

    Carlos José Sousa Passos, Mélanie Lemire, Myriam Fillion & Donna Mergler

  2. Chaire de recherche en environnement-GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

    Delaine Sampaio Da Silva & Marc Lucotte

  3. Lab de Traçadores, IBCCF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Jean Rémy Davée Guimarães

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  1. Carlos José Sousa Passos
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Correspondence to Carlos José Sousa Passos.

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This paper is dedicated to the memory of our dear and always CARUSO Project fellow, Dr. Marc Roulet, who made the fascinating discovery of deforestation and soil erosion as the major source of mercury into the riparian Tapajós region, and opened a new era of mercury biogeochemistry research in the Amazon. To this outstanding scientist, all our respect and acknowledgments.

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Passos, C., Da Silva, D., Lemire, M. et al. Daily mercury intake in fish-eating populations in the Brazilian Amazon. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 18, 76–87 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500599

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