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Krasner P, Rankow HJ J Endodon 2004; 30: 5–16

In this study, 400 teeth were sectioned horizontally at the level of the CEJ to view the pulp chamber, 50 were sectioned buccolingually, and 50 mesiodistally. The total number was approximately equally divided between maxillary and mandibular anteriors, premolars and molars, and each specimen was examined by 2 independent observers.

The observers noted that the pulp chamber was always central at CEJ level, with walls concentric to, and at a constant distance from, the external surface. The junction of pulp chamber floor and walls was marked by the former being a darker colour. Root canal orifices were always at this junction, at its angles, and at the terminus of developmental root fusion lines where these were present. Such fusion lines were darker than the pulp chamber floor. Repair dentine was lighter coloured than pulp chamber floor.

The authors propose a set of laws based on their findings, and suggest a systematic approach to guide the practitioner in identifying and preparing root canals for obturation, and avoiding the creation of perforations and other complications.