Abstract
Associations between schizophrenia and four candidate genes were tested among Indian patients with schizophrenia and their parents (DSM-IV criteria, n = 179 families). Polymorphisms within the genes encoding the serotonin 2A receptor (HT2A), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and dopamine transporter (DAT) were thus investigated. Two polymorphisms each were analyzed at HT2A and TPH, enabling haplotype-based analyses using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) for these genes. No significant associations were detected. Pooled analysis of samples like ours may be necessary to definitively exclude putative allelic associations at these loci.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Moldin SO . The maddening hunt for madness genes Nature Genet 1997 17: 127–129
Risch N, Merikangas K . The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases Science 1996 273: 1516–1517
O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ . Candidate gene-association studies of schizophrenia Am J Hum Genet 1999 65: 587–592
Spielman RS, Ewens WJ . The TDT and other family-based tests for linkage disequilibrium and association [editorial] Am J Hum Genet 1996 59: 983–989
Inayama Y, Yoneda H, Ishida T, Nonomura Y, Kono Y, Koh J et al. An association between schizophrenia and a serotonin receptor DNA marker (5HTR2) Neuropsychopharmacology 1994 10: 56S
Ohara K, Nagai M, Tani K, Tsukamoto T . Schizophrenia and the serotonin-2A receptor promoter polymorphism Psychiatry Res 1999 85: 221–224
Lin CH, Tsai SJ, Yu YW, Song HL, Tu PC, Sim CB et al. No evidence for association of serotonin-2A receptor variant (102T/C) with schizophrenia or clozapine response in a Chinese population Neuroreport 1999 10: 57–60
Spurlock G, Williams J, Daniels J, Owen M, McGuffin P . The European multi-centre study of susceptibility gene associations in schizophrenia: typing the 5HT-2R gene Psychiatr Genet 1995 5: 64–65
Nielsen DA, Virkkunen M, Lappalainen J, Eggert M, Brown GL, Long JC et al. A tryptophan hydroxylase gene marker for suicidality and alcoholism Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998 55: 593–602
Serretti A, Lilli R, Lorenzi C, Lattuada E, Cusin C, Smeraldi E . Lack of association between tryptophan hydroxylase gene and psychotic symptomatology in schizophrenia Schizophr Res 1999 40: 171–172
Rotondo A, Schuebel K, Bergen A, Aragon R, Virkkunen M, Linnoila M et al. Identification of four variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter and association to behavior Mol Psychiatry 1999 4: 360–368
Sano A, Kondoh K, Kakimoto Y, Kondo I . A 40-nucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human dopamine transporter gene Hum Genet 1993 91: 405–406
Persico AM, Macciardi F . Genotypic association between dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia Am J Med Genet 1997 74: 53–57
Blum K, Braverman ER, Wu S, Cull JG, Chen TJ, Gill J et al. Association of polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes with schizoid/avoidant behaviors (SAB) Mol Psychiatry 1997 2: 239–246
Bassett AS, Chow EW . 22q11 deletion syndrome: a genetic subtype of schizophrenia Biol Psychiatry 1999 46: 882–891
de Chaldee M, Laurent C, Thibaut F, Martinez M, Samolyk D, Petit M et al. Linkage disequilibrium on the COMT gene in French schizophrenics and controls Am J Med Genet 1999 88: 452–457
Ohmori O, Shinkai T, Kojima H, Terao T, Suzuki T, Mita T et al. Association study of a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism in Japanese schizophrenics Neurosci Lett 1998 243: 109–112
Lachman HM, Nolan KA, Mohr P, Saito T, Volavka J . Association between catechol O-methyltransferase genotype and violence in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder Am J Psychiatry 1998 155: 835–837
Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szumlanski CL, Weinshilboum RM . Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders Pharmacogenetics 1996 6: 243–250
Li T, Ball D, Zhao J, Murray RM, Liu X, Sham PC et al. Family-based linkage disequilibrium mapping using SNP marker haplotypes: application to a potential locus for schizophrenia at chromosome 22q11 Mol Psychiatry 2000 5: 77–84
Chen CH, Lee YR, Chung MY, Wei FC, Koong FJ, Shaw CK et al. Systematic mutation analysis of the catechol O-methyltransferase gene as a candidate gene for schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 1999 156: 1273–1275
Karayiorgou M, Gogos JA, Galke BL, Wolyniec PS, Nestadt G, Antonarakis SE et al. Identification of sequence variants and analysis of the role of the catechol-O-methyl-transferase gene in schizophrenia susceptibility Biol Psychiatry 1998 43: 425–431
Passarino G, Semino O, Bernini LF, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS . Pre-Caucasoid and Caucasoid genetic features of the Indian population, revealed by mtDNA polymorphisms Am J Hum Genet 1996 59: 927–934
Prasad S, Deshpande S, Bhatia T, Wood J, Nimgaonkar V, Thelma BK . An association study of schizophrenia among Indian families Am J Med Genet 1999 88: 298–300
Knapp M . A note on power approximations for the transmission/disequilibrium test Am J Hum Genet 1999 64: 1177–1185
Zhao JH, Sham PC, Curtis D . A program for the Monte Carlo evaluation of significance of the extended transmission/disequilibrium test [letter] Am J Hum Genet 1999 64: 1484–1485
Kruglyak L, Daly MJ, Reeve-Daly MP, Lander ES . Parametric and non-parametric linkage analysis: a unified multipoint approach Am J Hum Genet 1996 58: 1347–1363
Warren JT, Peacock ML, Rodriguez LC, Fink JK . An MspI polymorphism in the human serotonic receptor gene (HTR2): detection by DGGE and RFLP analysis Hum Mol Genet 1993 2: 338
Nielsen DA, Dean M, Goldman D . Genetic mapping of the human tryptophan hydroxylase gene on chromosome 11, using an intronic conformational polymorphism Am J Hum Genet 1992 51: 1366–1371
Daniels JK, Williams NM, Williams J, Jones LA, Cardno AG, Murphy KC et al. No evidence for allelic association between schizophrenia and a polymorphism determining high or low catechol O-methyltransferase activity Am J Psychiatry 1996 153: 268–270
Acknowledgements
This study was funded in part by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the Fogarty International Center and the US India fund (No. K02 MH 01489, No. R03 TW00730 to VLN and Indo-US Project Agreement No. N-443–645) to VLN, BKT, SND and Senior Research Fellowship from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, to SP. We thank K Chowdari, PhD for helpful advice. We thank the following physicians and colleagues for advice and help with ascertainment: SP Aggarwal, CP Singh, N Bohra, D Mohan, BR Agnihotri, R Rastogi, RK Singh, RC Jiloha, S Mittal, H Matai, RK Chadha; K Kumar, A Lal, PL Chawla, DN Mandekar, PK Shrivastva, AK Sharma, R Sagar, M Batra, A Kumar, HC Raheja, MNL Mathur, AK Das, SK Das, U Goswami, U Khastgir, R Nagpal, SM Pahwa, Ms Sushma, Ms V Sood, Mrs M Zutshi.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Semwal, P., Prasad, S., Bhatia, T. et al. Family-based association studies of monoaminergic gene polymorphisms among North Indians with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 6, 220–224 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000839
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000839
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Serotonin transporter functional polymorphisms potentially increase risk of schizophrenia separately and as a haplotype
Scientific Reports (2022)
-
Meta-analysis shows association between the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene and schizophrenia
Human Genetics (2006)
-
Family-based study of markers at the 5′-flanking region of the human dopamine transporter gene reveals potential association with schizophrenic psychoses
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (2006)
-
Catechol-O-methyl transferase Val158Met gene polymorphism in schizophrenia: working memory, frontal lobe MRI morphology and frontal cerebral blood flow
Molecular Psychiatry (2005)
-
Haplotypic association spanning the 22q11.21 genes COMT and ARVCF with schizophrenia
Molecular Psychiatry (2005)