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Therapeutic strategies for optimizing PDE-5 inhibitor therapy in patients with erectile dysfunction considered difficult or challenging to treat

International Journal of Impotence Research volume 16, pages S40–S42 (2004)Cite this article

Abstract

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors prevent the normal hydrolysis of cGMP. As the resulting cGMP accumulation facilitates penile smooth muscle relaxation, PDE5 inhibitors can partially reverse deficiencies in the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). However, approximately 30–40% of men with ED do not respond to drug therapy. Patients with severe neurologic damage, diabetes mellitus, or severe vascular disease may be resistant to PDE5 inhibitors. Decreased expression or activity of neuronal or endothelial NO synthase (NOS), impaired NO release, or NO destruction will preclude sufficient cGMP formation to permit PDE5 inhibitor efficacy. This article discusses the possible reasons for unresponsiveness and strategies to overcome it. Therapeutic approaches proposed to increase available NO in penile tissue include facilitating NO release by using α-2 antagonists, enhancing NO synthesis by providing more substrate for the reaction, and using antioxidants to inhibit NO breakdown by reactive oxygen species.

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  1. Fundacion para la Investigacion y el Desarrollo en Andrologia (FI+DA), Madrid, Spain

    I Sáenz de Tejada

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  1. I Sáenz de Tejada
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Correspondence to I Sáenz de Tejada.

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de Tejada, I. Therapeutic strategies for optimizing PDE-5 inhibitor therapy in patients with erectile dysfunction considered difficult or challenging to treat. Int J Impot Res 16 (Suppl 1), S40–S42 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3901215

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3901215

Keywords

  • impotence
  • penis
  • nitric-oxide
  • nitric-oxide synthase
  • nitroprusside
  • adrenergic α-antagonists

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