Abstract
The chromosomal translocation t(8;21) fuses the AML1 (RUNX1) gene on chromosome 21 and the ETO gene on chromosome 8 in human acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), resulting in expression of the chimeric transcription factor AML1/ETO. AML1/ETO-mediated dysregulation of target genes critical for hematopoietic differentiation and proliferation is thought to contribute to the leukemic phenotype. Several mechanisms, including recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDACs) to AML1 target genes, may be responsible for altered gene expression. We used an ecdysone-inducible expression system in the human monoblastic U-937 cell line to isolate genes that were differentially expressed upon induction of AML1/ETO expression. By representational difference analysis (cDNA-RDA), we identified 26 genes whose expression levels were significantly modulated following AML1/ETO induction for 48 h. None of these genes has previously been described as a target of AML1, ETO or AML1/ETO. One gene downregulated by AML1/ETO in vitro, Williams Beuren syndrome critical region 5 (WBSCR5), was expressed in primary t(8;21)-negative AML blasts but not in primary t(8;21)-positive AML blasts, strongly implying a role of this gene in the phenotype of t(8;21)-positive AML. Four upregulated and four downregulated genes were further studied with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), an inducer of differentiation of U-937 cells, and Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor. Three out of eight genes including WBSCR5 were regulated during ATRA-induced monocytic differentiation of U-937 cells, however, none of them antagonistically, upon both ATRA treatment and AML1/ETO induction. AML1/ETO-associated dysregulation of gene expression was not mediated by a TSA-sensitive mechanism. The identified genes provide a useful model to study the mechanism by which the AML1/ETO fusion protein exerts its function in transcriptional dysregulation in AML. The possible role of WBSCR5 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis warrants further study.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 50 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $5.18 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahn MY, Huang G, Bae SC, Wee HJ, Kim WY and Ito Y . (1998). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 1812–1817.
Amann JM, Nip J, Strom DK, Lutterbach B, Harada H, Lenny N, Downing JR, Meyers S and Hiebert SW . (2001). Mol. Cell. Biol., 21, 6470–6483.
Aronson BD, Fisher AL, Blechman K, Caudy M and Gergen JP . (1997). Mol. Cell. Biol., 17, 5581–5587.
Brdicka T, Imrich M, Angelisova P, Brdickova N, Horvath O, Spicka J, Hilgert I, Luskova P, Draber P, Novak P, Engels N, Wienands J, Simeoni L, Osterreicher J, Aguado E, Malissen M, Schraven B and Horejsi V . (2002). J. Exp. Med., 196, 1617–1626.
Britos-Bray M and Friedman AD . (1997). Mol. Cell. Biol., 17, 5127–5135.
Burel SA, Harakawa N, Zhou L, Pabst T, Tenen DG and Zhang DE . (2001). Mol. Cell. Biol., 21, 5577–5590.
Burger JA, Tsukada N, Burger M, Zvaifler NJ, Dell'Aquila M and Kipps TJ . (2000). Blood, 96, 2655–2663.
Calabi F, Pannell R and Pavloska G . (2001). Mol. Cell. Biol., 21, 5658–5666.
Chomczynski P and Sacchi N . (1987). Anal. Biochem., 162, 156–159.
Downing JR . (1999). Br. J. Haematol., 106, 296–308.
Downing JR . (2001). Leukemia, 15, 664–665.
Doyle JL, DeSilva U, Miller W and Green ED . (2000). Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 90, 285–290.
Erickson P, Gao J, Chang KS, Look T, Whisenant E, Raimondi S, Lasher R, Trujillo J, Rowley J and Drabkin H . (1992). Blood, 80, 1825–1831.
Fliegauf M, Burger J, Claus R, Stock M, Otto F and Lübbert M . (2003). Hematol. Blood Transf., 41, 28–33.
Francke U . (1999). Hum. Mol. Genet., 8, 1947–1954.
Frank R, Zhang J, Uchida H, Meyers S, Hiebert SW and Nimer SD . (1995). Oncogene, 11, 2667–2674.
Gelmetti V, Zhang J, Fanelli M, Minucci S, Pelicci PG and Lazar MA . (1998). Mol. Cell. Biol., 18, 7185–7191.
Giese K, Kingsley C, Kirshner JR and Grosschedl R . (1995). Genes Dev., 9, 995–1008.
Grimm T and Wesselhoeft H . (1980). Z. Kardiol., 69, 168–172.
Heidenreich O, Krauter J, Riehle H, Hadwiger P, John M, Heil G, Vornlocher HP and Nordheim A . (2003). Blood, 101, 3157–3163.
Hernandez-Munain C and Krangel MS . (1995). Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 3090–3099.
Hubank M and Schatz DG . (1994). Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 5640–5648.
Hubank M and Schatz DG . (1999). Methods Enzymol., 303, 325–349.
Hwang ES, Hong JH, Bae SC, Ito Y and Lee SK . (1999). FEBS Lett., 446, 86–90.
Janssen E, Zhu M, Zhang W and Koonpaew S . (2003). Nat. Immunol., 4, 117–123.
Kagoshima H, Shigesada K, Satake M, Ito Y, Miyoshi H, Ohki M, Pepling M and Gergen P . (1993). Trends Genet., 9, 338–341.
Kitabayashi I, Ida K, Morohoshi F, Yokoyama A, Mitsuhashi N, Shimizu K, Nomura N, Hayashi Y and Ohki M . (1998a). Mol. Cell. Biol., 18, 846–858.
Kitabayashi I, Yokoyama A, Shimizu K and Ohki M . (1998b). EMBO J., 17, 2994–3004.
Klampfer L, Zhang J, Zelenetz AO, Uchida H and Nimer SD . (1996). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 14059–14064.
Kohzaki H, Ito K, Huang G, Wee HJ, Murakami Y and Ito Y . (1999). Oncogene, 18, 4055–4062.
Koonpaew S, Janssen E, Zhu M and Zhang W . (2004). J. Biol. Chem., 279, 11229–11235.
Kozu T, Sueoka E, Okabe S, Sueoka N, Komori A and Fujiki H . (1996). J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 122, 254–256.
Kyhse-Andersen J . (1984). J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 10, 203–209.
Levanon D, Goldstein RE, Bernstein Y, Tang H, Goldenberg D, Stifani S, Paroush Z and Groner Y . (1998). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 11590–11595.
Lisitsyn N and Wigler M . (1993). Science, 259, 946–951.
Lisitsyn N and Wigler M . (1995). Methods Enzymol., 254, 291–304.
Liu LQ, Ilaria Jr R, Kingsley PD, Iwama A, van Etten RA, Palis J and Zhang DE . (1999). Mol. Cell. Biol., 19, 3029–3038.
Lutterbach B and Hiebert SW . (2000). Gene, 245, 223–235.
Lutterbach B, Westendorf JJ, Linggi B, Isaac S, Seto E and Hiebert SW . (2000). J. Biol. Chem., 275, 651–656.
Lutterbach B, Westendorf JJ, Linggi B, Patten A, Moniwa M, Davie JR, Huynh KD, Bardwell VJ, Lavinsky RM, Rosenfeld MG, Glass C, Seto E and Hiebert SW . (1998). Mol. Cell. Biol., 18, 7176–7184.
Mao S, Frank RC, Zhang J, Miyazaki Y and Nimer SD . (1999). Mol. Cell. Biol., 19, 3635–3644.
Matsushita H, Kobayashi H, Mori S, Kizaki M and Ikeda Y . (1995). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 215, 431–437.
Meyers S, Downing JR and Hiebert SW . (1993). Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 6336–6345.
Meyers S, Lenny N and Hiebert SW . (1995). Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 1974–1982.
Miyoshi H, Kozu T, Shimizu K, Enomoto K, Maseki N, Kaneko Y, Kamada N and Ohki M . (1993). EMBO J., 12, 2715–2721.
No D, Yao TP and Evans RM . (1996). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 3346–3351.
Nuchprayoon I, Meyers S, Scott LM, Suzow J, Hiebert S and Friedman AD . (1994). Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 5558–5568.
Nucifora G and Rowley JD . (1995). Blood, 86, 1–14.
Ogawa E, Inuzuka M, Maruyama M, Satake M, Naito-Fujimoto M, Ito Y and Shigesada K . (1993). Virology, 194, 314–331.
Petrovick MS, Hiebert SW, Friedman AD, Hetherington CJ, Tenen DG and Zhang DE . (1998). Mol. Cell. Biol., 18, 3915–3925.
Rhoades KL, Hetherington CJ, Harakawa N, Yergeau DA, Zhou L, Liu LQ, Little MT, Tenen DG and Zhang DE . (2000). Blood, 96, 2108–2115.
Rhoades KL, Hetherington CJ, Rowley JD, Hiebert SW, Nucifora G, Tenen DG and Zhang DE . (1996). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 11895–11900.
Riccio ML and Rossolini GM . (1993). DNA Seq., 4, 129–134.
Sakakura C, Yamaguchi-Iwai Y, Satake M, Bae SC, Takahashi A, Ogawa E, Hagiwara A, Takahashi T, Murakami A, Makino K, Nakagawa T, Kamada N and Ito Y . (1994). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 11723–11727.
Schutte M, da Costa LT, Moskaluk CA, Rozenblum E, Guan X, de Jong PJ, Bittner M, Meltzer PS, Trent JM and Kern SE . (1995). Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 4127–4133.
Shimada H, Ichikawa H, Nakamura S, Katsu R, Iwasa M, Kitabayashi I and Ohki M . (2000). Blood, 96, 655–663.
Shimizu K, Kitabayashi I, Kamada N, Abe T, Maseki N, Suzukawa K and Ohki M . (2000). Blood, 96, 288–296.
Sun W, Graves BJ and Speck NA . (1995). J Virol., 69, 4941–4949.
Takahashi A, Satake M, Yamaguchi-Iwai Y, Bae SC, Lu J, Maruyama M, Zhang YW, Oka H, Arai N, Arai K and Ito Y . (1995). Blood, 86, 607–616.
Tkaczyk C, Horejsi V, Iwaki S, Draber P, Samelson LE, Satterthwaite AB, Nahm DH, Metcalfe DD and Gilfillan AM . (2004). Blood.
Uchida H, Zhang J and Nimer SD . (1997). J. Immunol., 158, 2251–2258.
von Stein OD, Thies WG and Hofmann M . (1997). Nucleic Acids Res., 25, 2598–2602.
Wang J, Hoshino T, Redner RL, Kajigaya S and Liu JM . (1998). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 10860–10865.
Wang S, Wang Q, Crute BE, Melnikova IN, Keller SR and Speck NA . (1993). Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 3324–3339.
Westendorf JJ, Yamamoto CM, Lenny N, Downing JR, Selsted ME and Hiebert SW . (1998). Mol. Cell. Biol., 18, 322–333.
Whitlock Jr JP . (1999). Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 39, 103–125.
Yuan Y, Zhou L, Miyamoto T, Iwasaki H, Harakawa N, Hetherington CJ, Burel SA, Lagasse E, Weissman IL, Akashi K and Zhang DE . (2001). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 10398–10403.
Zaiman AL and Lenz J . (1996). J. Virol., 70, 5618–5629.
Zamzami N, Marchetti P, Castedo M, Decaudin D, Macho A, Hirsch T, Susin SA, Petit PX, Mignotte B and Kroemer G . (1995). J. Exp. Med., 182, 367–377.
Zamzami N, Susin SA, Marchetti P, Hirsch T, Gomez-Monterrey I, Castedo M and Kroemer G . (1996). J. Exp. Med., 183, 1533–1544.
Zhang DE, Hetherington CJ, Meyers S, Rhoades KL, Larson CJ, Chen HM, Hiebert SW and Tenen DG . (1996). Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 1231–1240.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr Marie Follo and Klaus Geiger for their excellent support with automated sequencing, Dr Jan Burger for FACS analyses, Dr Florian Otto for many helpful discussions, Dr David G Schatz for valuable suggestions, Dr MA van Dijk for the modified RDA protocol, Prof. Torsten Haferlach for sharing unpublished results and Mahmoud Abdelkarim for technical assistance. Prof. R Pankau and Prof. C Niemeyer provided valuable insight and discussion on WBS. This work was supported by the Deutsche Jose Carreras Leukämie Stiftung, R00/14 and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 364 and Lu 429.5-1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fliegauf, M., Stock, M., Berg, T. et al. Williams–Beuren syndrome critical region-5/non-T-cell activation linker: a novel target gene of AML1/ETO. Oncogene 23, 9070–9081 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208042
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208042
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
AML1/ETO and its function as a regulator of gene transcription via epigenetic mechanisms
Oncogene (2021)
-
AML1/ETO sensitizes via TRAIL acute myeloid leukemia cells to the pro-apoptotic effects of hypoxia
Cell Death & Disease (2013)
-
AML1-ETO targets and suppresses cathepsin G, a serine protease, which is able to degrade AML1-ETO in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia
Oncogene (2013)
-
The HDAC class I-specific inhibitor entinostat (MS-275) effectively relieves epigenetic silencing of the LAT2 gene mediated by AML1/ETO
Oncogene (2011)
-
Multi-sites cleavage of leukemogenic AML1-ETO fusion protein by caspase-3 and its contribution to increased apoptotic sensitivity
Leukemia (2008)